Spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training

Abstract People have a strong and reliable tendency to infer the character traits of strangers based solely on facial appearance. In five highly powered and pre-registered experiments, we investigate the relative merits of learning and nativist accounts of the origins of these first impressions. Fir...

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Autores principales:	Ruth Lee, Jonathan C. Flavell, Steven P. Tipper, Richard Cook, Harriet Over
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9a022fb7d282477bb23dcdfa173acec6
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:9a022fb7d282477bb23dcdfa173acec6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9a022fb7d282477bb23dcdfa173acec62021-12-02T16:26:23ZSpontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training10.1038/s41598-021-94670-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9a022fb7d282477bb23dcdfa173acec62021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-94670-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract People have a strong and reliable tendency to infer the character traits of strangers based solely on facial appearance. In five highly powered and pre-registered experiments, we investigate the relative merits of learning and nativist accounts of the origins of these first impressions. First, we test whether brief periods of training can establish consistent first impressions de novo. Using a novel paradigm with Greebles—a class of synthetic object with inter-exemplar variation that approximates that seen between individual faces—we show that participants quickly learn to associate appearance cues with trustworthiness (Experiments 1 and 2). In a further experiment, we show that participants easily learn a two-dimensional structure in which individuals are presented as simultaneously varying in both trustworthiness and competence (Experiment 3). Crucially, in the final two experiments (Experiments 4 and 5) we show that, once learned, these first impressions occur following very brief exposure (100 ms). These results demonstrate that first impressions can be rapidly learned and, once learned, take on features previously thought to hold only for innate first impressions (rapid availability). Taken together, these results highlight the plausibility of learning accounts of first impressions.Ruth LeeJonathan C. FlavellSteven P. TipperRichard CookHarriet OverNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ruth Lee Jonathan C. Flavell Steven P. Tipper Richard Cook Harriet Over Spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training
description	Abstract People have a strong and reliable tendency to infer the character traits of strangers based solely on facial appearance. In five highly powered and pre-registered experiments, we investigate the relative merits of learning and nativist accounts of the origins of these first impressions. First, we test whether brief periods of training can establish consistent first impressions de novo. Using a novel paradigm with Greebles—a class of synthetic object with inter-exemplar variation that approximates that seen between individual faces—we show that participants quickly learn to associate appearance cues with trustworthiness (Experiments 1 and 2). In a further experiment, we show that participants easily learn a two-dimensional structure in which individuals are presented as simultaneously varying in both trustworthiness and competence (Experiment 3). Crucially, in the final two experiments (Experiments 4 and 5) we show that, once learned, these first impressions occur following very brief exposure (100 ms). These results demonstrate that first impressions can be rapidly learned and, once learned, take on features previously thought to hold only for innate first impressions (rapid availability). Taken together, these results highlight the plausibility of learning accounts of first impressions.
format	article
author	Ruth Lee Jonathan C. Flavell Steven P. Tipper Richard Cook Harriet Over
author_facet	Ruth Lee Jonathan C. Flavell Steven P. Tipper Richard Cook Harriet Over
author_sort	Ruth Lee
title	Spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training
title_short	Spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training
title_full	Spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training
title_fullStr	Spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training
title_full_unstemmed	Spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training
title_sort	spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9a022fb7d282477bb23dcdfa173acec6
work_keys_str_mv	AT ruthlee spontaneousfirstimpressionsemergefrombrieftraining AT jonathancflavell spontaneousfirstimpressionsemergefrombrieftraining AT stevenptipper spontaneousfirstimpressionsemergefrombrieftraining AT richardcook spontaneousfirstimpressionsemergefrombrieftraining AT harrietover spontaneousfirstimpressionsemergefrombrieftraining
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Spontaneous first impressions emerge from brief training

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