Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru

The La Yarada aquifer is the primary water resource for municipal, irrigation, and industrial uses in the semi-arid Tacna, Peru. Presently, over-pumping has caused severe groundwater management problems, including the abandonment of saline water wells. This study presents multivariate analysis and c...

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Autores principales:	Alissa Vera, Edwin Pino-Vargas, Mahendra P. Verma, Samuel Chucuya, Eduardo Chávarri, Miguel Canales, Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez, Abrahan Mora, Jürgen Mahlknecht
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	coastal aquifer seawater intrusion salinization isotopic signature Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9a05faf8b0424300ba74976273a7a1c6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9a05faf8b0424300ba74976273a7a1c62021-11-25T19:14:55ZHydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru10.3390/w132231612073-4441https://doaj.org/article/9a05faf8b0424300ba74976273a7a1c62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/13/22/3161https://doaj.org/toc/2073-4441The La Yarada aquifer is the primary water resource for municipal, irrigation, and industrial uses in the semi-arid Tacna, Peru. Presently, over-pumping has caused severe groundwater management problems, including the abandonment of saline water wells. This study presents multivariate analysis and chemical–isotopic trends in water to investigate seawater intrusion and hydrogeological processes affecting water quality. The chemical and isotopic analysis of water samples, collected in two campaigns in the dry (August 2020) and wet (November 2020) seasons, together with the 1988 data, were evaluated with a mixing model, cluster, and factor analysis. The hydrochemical and isotopic mixing model suggested the formation of a wedge with 20% seawater intrusion. The heterogeneity of piezometric map isolines corroborates the wedge formation associated with the groundwater movement. The spatial distributions of factors, FA1 and FA2, suggest two processes of seawater front movement: dispersion (diffusion) of chemical elements and different types of water mixing, respectively. At the edge of the La Yarada aquifer, the water head was relatively low, permitting seawater and freshwater mixing. On the other hand, along the sea-land boundary, the water head of the La Yarada aquifer was relatively high, avoiding seawater and freshwater mixing; however, the chemical species were migrating from the seawater to the groundwater due to the diffusion processes. The cluster 4 samples are in the region corresponding to the isotopic mixing process represented by the FA2, while cluster 4 describes the chemical diffusion process represented by the FA2. Thus, the integrated approach is helpful to assess the seawater intrusion mechanisms in coastal aquifers in a semi-arid region.Alissa VeraEdwin Pino-VargasMahendra P. VermaSamuel ChucuyaEduardo ChávarriMiguel CanalesJuan Antonio Torres-MartínezAbrahan MoraJürgen MahlknechtMDPI AGarticlecoastal aquiferseawater intrusionsalinizationisotopic signatureHydraulic engineeringTC1-978Water supply for domestic and industrial purposesTD201-500ENWater, Vol 13, Iss 3161, p 3161 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	coastal aquifer seawater intrusion salinization isotopic signature Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500
spellingShingle	coastal aquifer seawater intrusion salinization isotopic signature Hydraulic engineering TC1-978 Water supply for domestic and industrial purposes TD201-500 Alissa Vera Edwin Pino-Vargas Mahendra P. Verma Samuel Chucuya Eduardo Chávarri Miguel Canales Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez Abrahan Mora Jürgen Mahlknecht Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru
description	The La Yarada aquifer is the primary water resource for municipal, irrigation, and industrial uses in the semi-arid Tacna, Peru. Presently, over-pumping has caused severe groundwater management problems, including the abandonment of saline water wells. This study presents multivariate analysis and chemical–isotopic trends in water to investigate seawater intrusion and hydrogeological processes affecting water quality. The chemical and isotopic analysis of water samples, collected in two campaigns in the dry (August 2020) and wet (November 2020) seasons, together with the 1988 data, were evaluated with a mixing model, cluster, and factor analysis. The hydrochemical and isotopic mixing model suggested the formation of a wedge with 20% seawater intrusion. The heterogeneity of piezometric map isolines corroborates the wedge formation associated with the groundwater movement. The spatial distributions of factors, FA1 and FA2, suggest two processes of seawater front movement: dispersion (diffusion) of chemical elements and different types of water mixing, respectively. At the edge of the La Yarada aquifer, the water head was relatively low, permitting seawater and freshwater mixing. On the other hand, along the sea-land boundary, the water head of the La Yarada aquifer was relatively high, avoiding seawater and freshwater mixing; however, the chemical species were migrating from the seawater to the groundwater due to the diffusion processes. The cluster 4 samples are in the region corresponding to the isotopic mixing process represented by the FA2, while cluster 4 describes the chemical diffusion process represented by the FA2. Thus, the integrated approach is helpful to assess the seawater intrusion mechanisms in coastal aquifers in a semi-arid region.
format	article
author	Alissa Vera Edwin Pino-Vargas Mahendra P. Verma Samuel Chucuya Eduardo Chávarri Miguel Canales Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez Abrahan Mora Jürgen Mahlknecht
author_facet	Alissa Vera Edwin Pino-Vargas Mahendra P. Verma Samuel Chucuya Eduardo Chávarri Miguel Canales Juan Antonio Torres-Martínez Abrahan Mora Jürgen Mahlknecht
author_sort	Alissa Vera
title	Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru
title_short	Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru
title_full	Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru
title_fullStr	Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru
title_full_unstemmed	Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru
title_sort	hydrodynamics, hydrochemistry, and stable isotope geochemistry to assess temporal behavior of seawater intrusion in the la yarada aquifer in the vicinity of atacama desert, tacna, peru
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9a05faf8b0424300ba74976273a7a1c6
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Hydrodynamics, Hydrochemistry, and Stable Isotope Geochemistry to Assess Temporal Behavior of Seawater Intrusion in the La Yarada Aquifer in the Vicinity of Atacama Desert, Tacna, Peru

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