Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.

<h4>Background</h4>Sex pheromones are essential in moth mate communication. Information on pheromone biosynthetic genes and enzymes is needed to comprehend the mechanisms that contribute to specificity of pheromone signals. Most heliothine moths use sex pheromones with (Z)-11-hexadecenal...

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Autores principales:	Asa K Hagström, Marjorie A Liénard, Astrid T Groot, Erik Hedenström, Christer Löfstedt
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9a0e9ff88a7f41eebe5af63e6d39396d
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9a0e9ff88a7f41eebe5af63e6d39396d2021-11-18T07:18:28ZSemi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0037230https://doaj.org/article/9a0e9ff88a7f41eebe5af63e6d39396d2012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/22615947/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203<h4>Background</h4>Sex pheromones are essential in moth mate communication. Information on pheromone biosynthetic genes and enzymes is needed to comprehend the mechanisms that contribute to specificity of pheromone signals. Most heliothine moths use sex pheromones with (Z)-11-hexadecenal as the major component in combination with minor fatty aldehydes and alcohols. In this study we focus on four closely related species, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis subflexa, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta, which use (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-tetradecanal, and (Z)-9-hexadecenal in different ratios in their pheromone blend. The components are produced from saturated fatty acid precursors by desaturation, β-oxidation, reduction and oxidation.<h4>Results</h4>We analyzed the composition of fatty acyl pheromone precursors and correlated it to the pheromone composition. Next, we investigated whether the downstream fatty-acyl reduction step modulates the ratio of alcohol intermediates before the final oxidation step. By isolating and functionally characterizing the Fatty Acyl Reductase (pgFAR) from each species we found that the pgFARs were active on a broad set of C8 to C16 fatty acyl substrates including the key pheromone precursors, Z9-14, Z9-16 and Z11-16:acyls. When presenting the three precursors in equal ratios to yeast cultures expressing any of the four pgFARs, all reduced (Z)-9-tetradecenoate preferentially over (Z)-11-hexadecenoate, and the latter over (Z)-9-hexadecenoate. Finally, when manipulating the precursor ratios in vitro, we found that the pgFARs display small differences in the biochemical activity on various substrates.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We conclude that a pgFAR with broad specificity is involved in heliothine moth pheromone biosynthesis, functioning as a semi-selective funnel that produces species-specific alcohol product ratios depending on the fatty-acyl precursor ratio in the pheromone gland. This study further supports the key role of these in pheromone biosynthesis and emphasizes the interplay between the pheromone fatty acyl precursors and the Lepidoptera specific pgFARs in shaping the pheromone composition.Asa K HagströmMarjorie A LiénardAstrid T GrootErik HedenströmChrister LöfstedtPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 7, Iss 5, p e37230 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Asa K Hagström Marjorie A Liénard Astrid T Groot Erik Hedenström Christer Löfstedt Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Sex pheromones are essential in moth mate communication. Information on pheromone biosynthetic genes and enzymes is needed to comprehend the mechanisms that contribute to specificity of pheromone signals. Most heliothine moths use sex pheromones with (Z)-11-hexadecenal as the major component in combination with minor fatty aldehydes and alcohols. In this study we focus on four closely related species, Heliothis virescens, Heliothis subflexa, Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa assulta, which use (Z)-11-hexadecenal, (Z)-9-tetradecanal, and (Z)-9-hexadecenal in different ratios in their pheromone blend. The components are produced from saturated fatty acid precursors by desaturation, β-oxidation, reduction and oxidation.<h4>Results</h4>We analyzed the composition of fatty acyl pheromone precursors and correlated it to the pheromone composition. Next, we investigated whether the downstream fatty-acyl reduction step modulates the ratio of alcohol intermediates before the final oxidation step. By isolating and functionally characterizing the Fatty Acyl Reductase (pgFAR) from each species we found that the pgFARs were active on a broad set of C8 to C16 fatty acyl substrates including the key pheromone precursors, Z9-14, Z9-16 and Z11-16:acyls. When presenting the three precursors in equal ratios to yeast cultures expressing any of the four pgFARs, all reduced (Z)-9-tetradecenoate preferentially over (Z)-11-hexadecenoate, and the latter over (Z)-9-hexadecenoate. Finally, when manipulating the precursor ratios in vitro, we found that the pgFARs display small differences in the biochemical activity on various substrates.<h4>Conclusions</h4>We conclude that a pgFAR with broad specificity is involved in heliothine moth pheromone biosynthesis, functioning as a semi-selective funnel that produces species-specific alcohol product ratios depending on the fatty-acyl precursor ratio in the pheromone gland. This study further supports the key role of these in pheromone biosynthesis and emphasizes the interplay between the pheromone fatty acyl precursors and the Lepidoptera specific pgFARs in shaping the pheromone composition.
format	article
author	Asa K Hagström Marjorie A Liénard Astrid T Groot Erik Hedenström Christer Löfstedt
author_facet	Asa K Hagström Marjorie A Liénard Astrid T Groot Erik Hedenström Christer Löfstedt
author_sort	Asa K Hagström
title	Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.
title_short	Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.
title_full	Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.
title_fullStr	Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.
title_full_unstemmed	Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.
title_sort	semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/9a0e9ff88a7f41eebe5af63e6d39396d
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Semi-selective fatty acyl reductases from four heliothine moths influence the specific pheromone composition.

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