SSVEP phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies

Abstract Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), the brain response to visual flicker stimulation, have proven beneficial in both research and clinical applications. Despite the practical advantages of stimulation at high frequencies in terms of visual comfort and safety, high frequency-SSVE...

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Autores principales:	Tsvetomira Tsoneva, Gary Garcia-Molina, Peter Desain
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9a15909b21ed48b7a5d4a2e411e57e4c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9a15909b21ed48b7a5d4a2e411e57e4c2021-12-02T11:35:59ZSSVEP phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies10.1038/s41598-021-83795-92045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9a15909b21ed48b7a5d4a2e411e57e4c2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-83795-9https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), the brain response to visual flicker stimulation, have proven beneficial in both research and clinical applications. Despite the practical advantages of stimulation at high frequencies in terms of visual comfort and safety, high frequency-SSVEPs have not received enough attention and little is known about the mechanisms behind their generation and propagation in time and space. In this study, we investigated the origin and propagation of SSVEPs in the gamma frequency band (40–60 Hz) by studying the dynamic properties of EEG in 32 subjects. Using low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) we identified the cortical sources involved in SSVEP generation in that frequency range to be in the primary visual cortex, Brodmann areas 17, 18 and 19 with minor contribution from sources in central and frontal sites. We investigated the SSVEP propagation as measured on the scalp in the framework of the existing theories regarding the neurophysiological mechanism through which the SSVEP spreads through the cortex. We found a progressive phase shift from posterior parieto-occipital sites over the cortex with a phase velocity of approx. 8–14 m/s and wavelength of about 21 and 24 cm. The SSVEP spatial properties appear sensitive to input frequency with higher stimulation frequencies showing a faster propagation speed.Tsvetomira TsonevaGary Garcia-MolinaPeter DesainNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tsvetomira Tsoneva Gary Garcia-Molina Peter Desain SSVEP phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies
description	Abstract Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs), the brain response to visual flicker stimulation, have proven beneficial in both research and clinical applications. Despite the practical advantages of stimulation at high frequencies in terms of visual comfort and safety, high frequency-SSVEPs have not received enough attention and little is known about the mechanisms behind their generation and propagation in time and space. In this study, we investigated the origin and propagation of SSVEPs in the gamma frequency band (40–60 Hz) by studying the dynamic properties of EEG in 32 subjects. Using low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) we identified the cortical sources involved in SSVEP generation in that frequency range to be in the primary visual cortex, Brodmann areas 17, 18 and 19 with minor contribution from sources in central and frontal sites. We investigated the SSVEP propagation as measured on the scalp in the framework of the existing theories regarding the neurophysiological mechanism through which the SSVEP spreads through the cortex. We found a progressive phase shift from posterior parieto-occipital sites over the cortex with a phase velocity of approx. 8–14 m/s and wavelength of about 21 and 24 cm. The SSVEP spatial properties appear sensitive to input frequency with higher stimulation frequencies showing a faster propagation speed.
format	article
author	Tsvetomira Tsoneva Gary Garcia-Molina Peter Desain
author_facet	Tsvetomira Tsoneva Gary Garcia-Molina Peter Desain
author_sort	Tsvetomira Tsoneva
title	SSVEP phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies
title_short	SSVEP phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies
title_full	SSVEP phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies
title_fullStr	SSVEP phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies
title_full_unstemmed	SSVEP phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies
title_sort	ssvep phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9a15909b21ed48b7a5d4a2e411e57e4c
work_keys_str_mv	AT tsvetomiratsoneva ssvepphasesynchroniesandpropagationduringrepetitivevisualstimulationathighfrequencies AT garygarciamolina ssvepphasesynchroniesandpropagationduringrepetitivevisualstimulationathighfrequencies AT peterdesain ssvepphasesynchroniesandpropagationduringrepetitivevisualstimulationathighfrequencies
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SSVEP phase synchronies and propagation during repetitive visual stimulation at high frequencies

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