Mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.

<h4>Background</h4>The frequency of accidental spider bites in Brazil is growing, and poisoning due to bites from the spider genus Phoneutria nigriventer is the second most frequent source of such accidents. Intense local pain is the major symptom reported after bites of P. nigriventer,...

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Autores principales:	Camila Gewehr, Sara Marchesan Oliveira, Mateus Fortes Rossato, Gabriela Trevisan, Gerusa Duarte Dalmolin, Flávia Karine Rigo, Célio José de Castro Júnior, Marta Nascimento Cordeiro, Juliano Ferreira, Marcus V Gomez
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9a26dc828585472daf373b5d4952077a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9a26dc828585472daf373b5d4952077a2021-11-18T09:15:06ZMechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0002198https://doaj.org/article/9a26dc828585472daf373b5d4952077a2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23638210/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>The frequency of accidental spider bites in Brazil is growing, and poisoning due to bites from the spider genus Phoneutria nigriventer is the second most frequent source of such accidents. Intense local pain is the major symptom reported after bites of P. nigriventer, although the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms involved in nociception triggered by the venom of Phoneutria nigriventer (PNV).<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Twenty microliters of PNV or PBS was injected into the mouse paw (intraplantar, i.pl.). The time spent licking the injected paw was considered indicative of the level of nociception. I.pl. injection of PNV produced spontaneous nociception, which was reduced by arachnid antivenin (ArAv), local anaesthetics, opioids, acetaminophen and dipyrone, but not indomethacin. Boiling or dialysing the venom reduced the nociception induced by the venom. PNV-induced nociception is not dependent on glutamate or histamine receptors or on mast cell degranulation, but it is mediated by the stimulation of sensory fibres that contain serotonin 4 (5-HT4) and vanilloid receptors (TRPV1). We detected a kallikrein-like kinin-generating enzyme activity in tissue treated with PNV, which also contributes to nociception. Inhibition of enzymatic activity or administration of a receptor antagonist for kinin B2 was able to inhibit the nociception induced by PNV. PNV nociception was also reduced by the blockade of tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channels, acid-sensitive ion channels (ASIC) and TRPV1 receptors.<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>Results suggest that both low- and high-molecular-weight toxins of PNV produce spontaneous nociception through direct or indirect action of kinin B2, TRPV1, 5-HT4 or ASIC receptors and voltage-dependent sodium channels present in sensory neurons but not in mast cells. Understanding the mechanisms involved in nociception caused by PNV are of interest not only for better treating poisoning by P. nigriventer but also appreciating the diversity of targets triggered by PNV toxins.Camila GewehrSara Marchesan OliveiraMateus Fortes RossatoGabriela TrevisanGerusa Duarte DalmolinFlávia Karine RigoCélio José de Castro JúniorMarta Nascimento CordeiroJuliano FerreiraMarcus V GomezPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 7, Iss 4, p e2198 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Camila Gewehr Sara Marchesan Oliveira Mateus Fortes Rossato Gabriela Trevisan Gerusa Duarte Dalmolin Flávia Karine Rigo Célio José de Castro Júnior Marta Nascimento Cordeiro Juliano Ferreira Marcus V Gomez Mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
description	<h4>Background</h4>The frequency of accidental spider bites in Brazil is growing, and poisoning due to bites from the spider genus Phoneutria nigriventer is the second most frequent source of such accidents. Intense local pain is the major symptom reported after bites of P. nigriventer, although the mechanisms involved are still poorly understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms involved in nociception triggered by the venom of Phoneutria nigriventer (PNV).<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>Twenty microliters of PNV or PBS was injected into the mouse paw (intraplantar, i.pl.). The time spent licking the injected paw was considered indicative of the level of nociception. I.pl. injection of PNV produced spontaneous nociception, which was reduced by arachnid antivenin (ArAv), local anaesthetics, opioids, acetaminophen and dipyrone, but not indomethacin. Boiling or dialysing the venom reduced the nociception induced by the venom. PNV-induced nociception is not dependent on glutamate or histamine receptors or on mast cell degranulation, but it is mediated by the stimulation of sensory fibres that contain serotonin 4 (5-HT4) and vanilloid receptors (TRPV1). We detected a kallikrein-like kinin-generating enzyme activity in tissue treated with PNV, which also contributes to nociception. Inhibition of enzymatic activity or administration of a receptor antagonist for kinin B2 was able to inhibit the nociception induced by PNV. PNV nociception was also reduced by the blockade of tetrodotoxin-sensitive Na(+) channels, acid-sensitive ion channels (ASIC) and TRPV1 receptors.<h4>Conclusion/significance</h4>Results suggest that both low- and high-molecular-weight toxins of PNV produce spontaneous nociception through direct or indirect action of kinin B2, TRPV1, 5-HT4 or ASIC receptors and voltage-dependent sodium channels present in sensory neurons but not in mast cells. Understanding the mechanisms involved in nociception caused by PNV are of interest not only for better treating poisoning by P. nigriventer but also appreciating the diversity of targets triggered by PNV toxins.
format	article
author	Camila Gewehr Sara Marchesan Oliveira Mateus Fortes Rossato Gabriela Trevisan Gerusa Duarte Dalmolin Flávia Karine Rigo Célio José de Castro Júnior Marta Nascimento Cordeiro Juliano Ferreira Marcus V Gomez
author_facet	Camila Gewehr Sara Marchesan Oliveira Mateus Fortes Rossato Gabriela Trevisan Gerusa Duarte Dalmolin Flávia Karine Rigo Célio José de Castro Júnior Marta Nascimento Cordeiro Juliano Ferreira Marcus V Gomez
author_sort	Camila Gewehr
title	Mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
title_short	Mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
title_full	Mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
title_fullStr	Mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
title_full_unstemmed	Mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.
title_sort	mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider phoneutria nigriventer.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/9a26dc828585472daf373b5d4952077a
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Mechanisms involved in the nociception triggered by the venom of the armed spider Phoneutria nigriventer.

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