Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 625 Superalloy: Numerical and Experiment Investigations

A number of researchers have reported that a static magnetic field (SMF) will affect the process of selective laser melting (SLM), which is achieved mainly through affecting molten pool evolution and microstructure growth. However, its underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. In this work...

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Autores principales:	Wanli Zhu, Sheng Yu, Chaoyue Chen, Ling Shi, Songzhe Xu, Sansan Shuai, Tao Hu, Hanlin Liao, Jiang Wang, Zhongming Ren
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	selective laser melting (SLM) static magnetic field (SMF) Inconel 625 superalloy thermoelectric magnetic force (TEMF) laves phase Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9a31e77a208941cea51fd444f9888a21
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9a31e77a208941cea51fd444f9888a212021-11-25T18:22:22ZEffects of Static Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 625 Superalloy: Numerical and Experiment Investigations10.3390/met111118462075-4701https://doaj.org/article/9a31e77a208941cea51fd444f9888a212021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4701/11/11/1846https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4701A number of researchers have reported that a static magnetic field (SMF) will affect the process of selective laser melting (SLM), which is achieved mainly through affecting molten pool evolution and microstructure growth. However, its underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the influence of SMF on the SLM Inconel 625 superalloy through experiments and multi-scale numerical simulation. The multi-scale numerical models of the SLM process include the molten pool and the dendrite in the mushy zone. For the molten pool simulation, the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results regarding the pool size. Under the influence of the Lorentz force, the dimension of the molten pool, the flow field, and the temperature field do not have an obvious change. For the dendrite simulation, the dendrite size obtained in the experiment is employed for setting up the dendrite geometry in the dendrite numerical simulation, and our findings show that the applied magnetic field mainly influences the dendrite growth owing to thermoelectric magnetic force (TEMF) on the solid–liquid interface rather than the Lorentz force inside the molten pool. Since the TEMF on the solid–liquid interface is affected by the interaction between the SMF and thermal gradient at different locations, we changed the SLM parameters and SMF to investigate the effect on the TEMF. The simulation shows that the thermoelectric current is highest at the solid–liquid interface, resulting in a maximum TEMF at the solid–liquid interface and, as a result, affecting the dendrite morphology and promoting the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET), which is also shown in the experiment results under 0.1 T. Furthermore, it is known that the thermoelectric magnetic convection (TEMC) around the dendrite can homogenize the laves phase distribution. This agrees well with the experimental results, which show reduced Nb precipitation from 8.65% to 4.34% under the SMF of 0.1 T. The present work can provide potential guidance for microstructure control in the SLM process using an external SMF.Wanli ZhuSheng YuChaoyue ChenLing ShiSongzhe XuSansan ShuaiTao HuHanlin LiaoJiang WangZhongming RenMDPI AGarticleselective laser melting (SLM)static magnetic field (SMF)Inconel 625 superalloythermoelectric magnetic force (TEMF)laves phaseMining engineering. MetallurgyTN1-997ENMetals, Vol 11, Iss 1846, p 1846 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	selective laser melting (SLM) static magnetic field (SMF) Inconel 625 superalloy thermoelectric magnetic force (TEMF) laves phase Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997
spellingShingle	selective laser melting (SLM) static magnetic field (SMF) Inconel 625 superalloy thermoelectric magnetic force (TEMF) laves phase Mining engineering. Metallurgy TN1-997 Wanli Zhu Sheng Yu Chaoyue Chen Ling Shi Songzhe Xu Sansan Shuai Tao Hu Hanlin Liao Jiang Wang Zhongming Ren Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 625 Superalloy: Numerical and Experiment Investigations
description	A number of researchers have reported that a static magnetic field (SMF) will affect the process of selective laser melting (SLM), which is achieved mainly through affecting molten pool evolution and microstructure growth. However, its underlying mechanism has not been fully understood. In this work, we conducted a comprehensive investigation of the influence of SMF on the SLM Inconel 625 superalloy through experiments and multi-scale numerical simulation. The multi-scale numerical models of the SLM process include the molten pool and the dendrite in the mushy zone. For the molten pool simulation, the simulation results are in good agreement with the experimental results regarding the pool size. Under the influence of the Lorentz force, the dimension of the molten pool, the flow field, and the temperature field do not have an obvious change. For the dendrite simulation, the dendrite size obtained in the experiment is employed for setting up the dendrite geometry in the dendrite numerical simulation, and our findings show that the applied magnetic field mainly influences the dendrite growth owing to thermoelectric magnetic force (TEMF) on the solid–liquid interface rather than the Lorentz force inside the molten pool. Since the TEMF on the solid–liquid interface is affected by the interaction between the SMF and thermal gradient at different locations, we changed the SLM parameters and SMF to investigate the effect on the TEMF. The simulation shows that the thermoelectric current is highest at the solid–liquid interface, resulting in a maximum TEMF at the solid–liquid interface and, as a result, affecting the dendrite morphology and promoting the columnar to equiaxed transition (CET), which is also shown in the experiment results under 0.1 T. Furthermore, it is known that the thermoelectric magnetic convection (TEMC) around the dendrite can homogenize the laves phase distribution. This agrees well with the experimental results, which show reduced Nb precipitation from 8.65% to 4.34% under the SMF of 0.1 T. The present work can provide potential guidance for microstructure control in the SLM process using an external SMF.
format	article
author	Wanli Zhu Sheng Yu Chaoyue Chen Ling Shi Songzhe Xu Sansan Shuai Tao Hu Hanlin Liao Jiang Wang Zhongming Ren
author_facet	Wanli Zhu Sheng Yu Chaoyue Chen Ling Shi Songzhe Xu Sansan Shuai Tao Hu Hanlin Liao Jiang Wang Zhongming Ren
author_sort	Wanli Zhu
title	Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 625 Superalloy: Numerical and Experiment Investigations
title_short	Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 625 Superalloy: Numerical and Experiment Investigations
title_full	Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 625 Superalloy: Numerical and Experiment Investigations
title_fullStr	Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 625 Superalloy: Numerical and Experiment Investigations
title_full_unstemmed	Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 625 Superalloy: Numerical and Experiment Investigations
title_sort	effects of static magnetic field on the microstructure of selective laser melted inconel 625 superalloy: numerical and experiment investigations
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9a31e77a208941cea51fd444f9888a21
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Effects of Static Magnetic Field on the Microstructure of Selective Laser Melted Inconel 625 Superalloy: Numerical and Experiment Investigations

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