Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring

Abstract Out of 463 million people currently with diabetes, 232 million remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is a threat to human health, which could be mitigated via continuous self-monitoring of glucose. In addition to blood, interstitial fluid is considered to be a representative sample for glucose monit...

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Autores principales:	Tuuli A. Hakala, Alejandro García Pérez, Melissa Wardale, Ida A. Ruuth, Risto T. Vänskä, Teemu A. Nurminen, Emily Kemp, Zhanna A. Boeva, Juha-Matti Alakoskela, Kim Pettersson-Fernholm, Edward Hæggström, Johan Bobacka
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9a36cbe95de24056ade44d9c13124287
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9a36cbe95de24056ade44d9c131242872021-12-02T18:15:24ZSampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring10.1038/s41598-021-86931-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9a36cbe95de24056ade44d9c131242872021-04-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-86931-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Out of 463 million people currently with diabetes, 232 million remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is a threat to human health, which could be mitigated via continuous self-monitoring of glucose. In addition to blood, interstitial fluid is considered to be a representative sample for glucose monitoring, which makes it highly attractive for wearable on-body sensing. However, new technologies are needed for efficient and noninvasive sampling of interstitial fluid through the skin. In this report, we introduce the use of Lorentz force and magnetohydrodynamics to noninvasively extract dermal interstitial fluid. Using porcine skin as an ex-vivo model, we demonstrate that the extraction rate of magnetohydrodynamics is superior to that of reverse iontophoresis. This work seeks to provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive sampling method to unlock the potential of wearable sensors in needle-free continuous glucose monitoring devices that can benefit people living with diabetes.Tuuli A. HakalaAlejandro García PérezMelissa WardaleIda A. RuuthRisto T. VänskäTeemu A. NurminenEmily KempZhanna A. BoevaJuha-Matti AlakoskelaKim Pettersson-FernholmEdward HæggströmJohan BobackaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Tuuli A. Hakala Alejandro García Pérez Melissa Wardale Ida A. Ruuth Risto T. Vänskä Teemu A. Nurminen Emily Kemp Zhanna A. Boeva Juha-Matti Alakoskela Kim Pettersson-Fernholm Edward Hæggström Johan Bobacka Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring
description	Abstract Out of 463 million people currently with diabetes, 232 million remain undiagnosed. Diabetes is a threat to human health, which could be mitigated via continuous self-monitoring of glucose. In addition to blood, interstitial fluid is considered to be a representative sample for glucose monitoring, which makes it highly attractive for wearable on-body sensing. However, new technologies are needed for efficient and noninvasive sampling of interstitial fluid through the skin. In this report, we introduce the use of Lorentz force and magnetohydrodynamics to noninvasively extract dermal interstitial fluid. Using porcine skin as an ex-vivo model, we demonstrate that the extraction rate of magnetohydrodynamics is superior to that of reverse iontophoresis. This work seeks to provide a safe, effective, and noninvasive sampling method to unlock the potential of wearable sensors in needle-free continuous glucose monitoring devices that can benefit people living with diabetes.
format	article
author	Tuuli A. Hakala Alejandro García Pérez Melissa Wardale Ida A. Ruuth Risto T. Vänskä Teemu A. Nurminen Emily Kemp Zhanna A. Boeva Juha-Matti Alakoskela Kim Pettersson-Fernholm Edward Hæggström Johan Bobacka
author_facet	Tuuli A. Hakala Alejandro García Pérez Melissa Wardale Ida A. Ruuth Risto T. Vänskä Teemu A. Nurminen Emily Kemp Zhanna A. Boeva Juha-Matti Alakoskela Kim Pettersson-Fernholm Edward Hæggström Johan Bobacka
author_sort	Tuuli A. Hakala
title	Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring
title_short	Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring
title_full	Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring
title_fullStr	Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring
title_full_unstemmed	Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring
title_sort	sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9a36cbe95de24056ade44d9c13124287
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_version_	1718378409470459904

Sampling of fluid through skin with magnetohydrodynamics for noninvasive glucose monitoring

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