Use of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides

The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) calculates the hazardous concentration at which 5% of species (HC<sub>5</sub>) will be potentially affected. For many compounds, HC<sub>5</sub> values are unavailable impeding the derivation of SSD curves. Through a detailed bibliogr...

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Autores principales:	Cristiana Rizzi, Sara Villa, Alessandro Sergio Cuzzeri, Antonio Finizio
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	species sensitivity distribution (SSD) pesticides environmental risk assessment aquatic communities ecological threshold of toxicological concern Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9a5317b2c8f44ec4add6b0aabdd4d451
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9a5317b2c8f44ec4add6b0aabdd4d4512021-11-25T17:50:57ZUse of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides10.3390/ijerph1822120781660-46011661-7827https://doaj.org/article/9a5317b2c8f44ec4add6b0aabdd4d4512021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/18/22/12078https://doaj.org/toc/1661-7827https://doaj.org/toc/1660-4601The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) calculates the hazardous concentration at which 5% of species (HC<sub>5</sub>) will be potentially affected. For many compounds, HC<sub>5</sub> values are unavailable impeding the derivation of SSD curves. Through a detailed bibliographic survey, we selected HC<sub>5</sub> values (from acute toxicity tests) for freshwater aquatic species and 129 pesticides. The statistical distribution and variability of the HC<sub>5</sub> values within the chemical classes were evaluated. Insecticides are the most toxic compounds in the aquatic communities (HC<sub>5</sub> = 1.4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> µmol L<sup>−1</sup>), followed by herbicides (HC<sub>5</sub> = 3.3 × 10<sup>−2</sup> µmol L<sup>−1</sup>) and fungicides (HC<sub>5</sub> = 7.8 µmol L<sup>−1</sup>). Subsequently, the specificity of the mode of action (MoA) of pesticides on freshwater aquatic communities was investigated by calculating the ratio between the estimated baseline toxicity for aquatic communities and the HC<sub>5</sub> experimental values gathered from the literature. Moreover, we proposed and validated a scheme to derive the ecological thresholds of toxicological concern (eco-TTC) of pesticides for which data on their effects on aquatic communities are not available. We proposed eco-TTCs for different classes of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides with a specific MoA, and three eco-TTCs for those chemicals with unavailable MoA. We consider the proposed approach and eco-TTC values useful for risk management purposes.Cristiana RizziSara VillaAlessandro Sergio CuzzeriAntonio FinizioMDPI AGarticlespecies sensitivity distribution (SSD)pesticidesenvironmental risk assessmentaquatic communitiesecological threshold of toxicological concernMedicineRENInternational Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol 18, Iss 12078, p 12078 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	species sensitivity distribution (SSD) pesticides environmental risk assessment aquatic communities ecological threshold of toxicological concern Medicine R
spellingShingle	species sensitivity distribution (SSD) pesticides environmental risk assessment aquatic communities ecological threshold of toxicological concern Medicine R Cristiana Rizzi Sara Villa Alessandro Sergio Cuzzeri Antonio Finizio Use of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides
description	The species sensitivity distribution (SSD) calculates the hazardous concentration at which 5% of species (HC<sub>5</sub>) will be potentially affected. For many compounds, HC<sub>5</sub> values are unavailable impeding the derivation of SSD curves. Through a detailed bibliographic survey, we selected HC<sub>5</sub> values (from acute toxicity tests) for freshwater aquatic species and 129 pesticides. The statistical distribution and variability of the HC<sub>5</sub> values within the chemical classes were evaluated. Insecticides are the most toxic compounds in the aquatic communities (HC<sub>5</sub> = 1.4 × 10<sup>−3</sup> µmol L<sup>−1</sup>), followed by herbicides (HC<sub>5</sub> = 3.3 × 10<sup>−2</sup> µmol L<sup>−1</sup>) and fungicides (HC<sub>5</sub> = 7.8 µmol L<sup>−1</sup>). Subsequently, the specificity of the mode of action (MoA) of pesticides on freshwater aquatic communities was investigated by calculating the ratio between the estimated baseline toxicity for aquatic communities and the HC<sub>5</sub> experimental values gathered from the literature. Moreover, we proposed and validated a scheme to derive the ecological thresholds of toxicological concern (eco-TTC) of pesticides for which data on their effects on aquatic communities are not available. We proposed eco-TTCs for different classes of insecticides, herbicides, and fungicides with a specific MoA, and three eco-TTCs for those chemicals with unavailable MoA. We consider the proposed approach and eco-TTC values useful for risk management purposes.
format	article
author	Cristiana Rizzi Sara Villa Alessandro Sergio Cuzzeri Antonio Finizio
author_facet	Cristiana Rizzi Sara Villa Alessandro Sergio Cuzzeri Antonio Finizio
author_sort	Cristiana Rizzi
title	Use of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides
title_short	Use of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides
title_full	Use of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides
title_fullStr	Use of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides
title_full_unstemmed	Use of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides
title_sort	use of the species sensitivity distribution approach to derive ecological threshold of toxicological concern (eco-ttc) for pesticides
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9a5317b2c8f44ec4add6b0aabdd4d451
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Use of the Species Sensitivity Distribution Approach to Derive Ecological Threshold of Toxicological Concern (eco-TTC) for Pesticides

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