New host range for Hematodinium in southern Australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.

Hematodinium is a parasitic dinoflagellate and emerging pathogen of crustaceans. It preferably manifests in haemolymph of marine decapod crustaceans, killing a large variety of genera with significant impacts on fisheries worldwide. There is, however, evidence that some crustacean stocks harbor high...

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Autores principales:	Sebastian G Gornik, Andrea Cranenburgh, Ross F Waller
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9a8108ab1fe8454086ab19e12b179cdb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9a8108ab1fe8454086ab19e12b179cdb2021-11-18T08:43:01ZNew host range for Hematodinium in southern Australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0082774https://doaj.org/article/9a8108ab1fe8454086ab19e12b179cdb2013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24324829/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Hematodinium is a parasitic dinoflagellate and emerging pathogen of crustaceans. It preferably manifests in haemolymph of marine decapod crustaceans, killing a large variety of genera with significant impacts on fisheries worldwide. There is, however, evidence that some crustacean stocks harbor high prevalence, low intensity infections that may not result in widespread host mortality and are therefore hard to detect. The most widely used methods for detection of Hematodinium are conventional blood smears and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) against ribosomal RNAs. Blood smears demand a trained investigator, are labor intensive and not readily scalable for high-throughput sampling. PCRs only detect parasite DNA and can also suffer from false negatives and positives. In order to develop alternative detection tools for Hematodinium cells in decapod crustaceans we employed an immunological approach against a newly identified, abundant dinoflagellate-specific nuclear protein--Dinoflagellate/Viral NucleoProtein (DVNP). Both immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot methods against DVNP showed high sensitivity of detection. The Western blot detects Hematodinium parasites to levels of 25 parasites per milliliter of crustacean haemolymph, with the potential for sample pooling and screening of large samples. Using both PCR and these new tools, we have identified Hematodinium cells present in three new host crab taxa, at high prevalence but with no sign of pathogenesis. This extends the known range of Hematodinium to southern Australia.Sebastian G GornikAndrea CranenburghRoss F WallerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e82774 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Sebastian G Gornik Andrea Cranenburgh Ross F Waller New host range for Hematodinium in southern Australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.
description	Hematodinium is a parasitic dinoflagellate and emerging pathogen of crustaceans. It preferably manifests in haemolymph of marine decapod crustaceans, killing a large variety of genera with significant impacts on fisheries worldwide. There is, however, evidence that some crustacean stocks harbor high prevalence, low intensity infections that may not result in widespread host mortality and are therefore hard to detect. The most widely used methods for detection of Hematodinium are conventional blood smears and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) against ribosomal RNAs. Blood smears demand a trained investigator, are labor intensive and not readily scalable for high-throughput sampling. PCRs only detect parasite DNA and can also suffer from false negatives and positives. In order to develop alternative detection tools for Hematodinium cells in decapod crustaceans we employed an immunological approach against a newly identified, abundant dinoflagellate-specific nuclear protein--Dinoflagellate/Viral NucleoProtein (DVNP). Both immunofluorescence assay (IFA) and Western blot methods against DVNP showed high sensitivity of detection. The Western blot detects Hematodinium parasites to levels of 25 parasites per milliliter of crustacean haemolymph, with the potential for sample pooling and screening of large samples. Using both PCR and these new tools, we have identified Hematodinium cells present in three new host crab taxa, at high prevalence but with no sign of pathogenesis. This extends the known range of Hematodinium to southern Australia.
format	article
author	Sebastian G Gornik Andrea Cranenburgh Ross F Waller
author_facet	Sebastian G Gornik Andrea Cranenburgh Ross F Waller
author_sort	Sebastian G Gornik
title	New host range for Hematodinium in southern Australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.
title_short	New host range for Hematodinium in southern Australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.
title_full	New host range for Hematodinium in southern Australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.
title_fullStr	New host range for Hematodinium in southern Australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.
title_full_unstemmed	New host range for Hematodinium in southern Australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.
title_sort	new host range for hematodinium in southern australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/9a8108ab1fe8454086ab19e12b179cdb
work_keys_str_mv	AT sebastianggornik newhostrangeforhematodiniuminsouthernaustraliaandnoveltoolsforsensitivedetectionofparasiticdinoflagellates AT andreacranenburgh newhostrangeforhematodiniuminsouthernaustraliaandnoveltoolsforsensitivedetectionofparasiticdinoflagellates AT rossfwaller newhostrangeforhematodiniuminsouthernaustraliaandnoveltoolsforsensitivedetectionofparasiticdinoflagellates
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New host range for Hematodinium in southern Australia and novel tools for sensitive detection of parasitic dinoflagellates.

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