Genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions

Fungi sense light of different wavelengths using blue-, green-, and red-light photoreceptors. Blue light sensing requires the “white-collar” proteins with flavin as chromophore, and red light is sensed through phytochrome. Here we analyzed genome-wide gene expression changes caused by short-term, lo...

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Autores principales:	Zhenzhong Yu, Christian Streng, Ramon F. Seibeld, Olumuyiwa A. Igbalajobi, Kai Leister, Julian Ingelfinger, Reinhard Fischer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Genetics QH426-470
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9ae3835216ea42e7993f883ebc1cdfa4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9ae3835216ea42e7993f883ebc1cdfa42021-11-04T06:01:47ZGenome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions1553-73901553-7404https://doaj.org/article/9ae3835216ea42e7993f883ebc1cdfa42021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8535378/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1553-7390https://doaj.org/toc/1553-7404Fungi sense light of different wavelengths using blue-, green-, and red-light photoreceptors. Blue light sensing requires the “white-collar” proteins with flavin as chromophore, and red light is sensed through phytochrome. Here we analyzed genome-wide gene expression changes caused by short-term, low-light intensity illumination with blue-, red- or far-red light in Aspergillus nidulans and found that more than 1100 genes were differentially regulated. The largest number of up- and downregulated genes depended on the phytochrome FphA and the attached HOG pathway. FphA and the white-collar orthologue LreA fulfill activating but also repressing functions under all light conditions and both appear to have roles in the dark. Additionally, we found about 100 genes, which are red-light induced in the absence of phytochrome, suggesting alternative red-light sensing systems. We also found blue-light induced genes in the absence of the blue-light receptor LreA. We present evidence that cryptochrome may be part of this regulatory cue, but that phytochrome is essential for the response. In addition to in vivo data showing that FphA is involved in blue-light sensing, we performed spectroscopy of purified phytochrome and show that it responds indeed to blue light. Author summary Fungi are microorganisms with important roles in the environment, as symbionts, as pathogens, or as workhorses in biotechnology. They constantly need to adapt to changing environmental conditions, often far away from their optima. One important environmental factor, fungi respond to is ambient light. The presence of light tells them if they are exposed to a surface and thus potentially to heat, harmful irradiation, or desiccation or other stressful conditions, or whether they are growing inside soil or litter with more constant conditions. Interestingly, many fungi harbor photosensors for blue-, green- and red light. We show here that in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans a large proportion of the genome is under light control, and many genes are regulated through phytochrome and thus by red light. However, phytochrome is also used for blue-light sensing. Many genes are controlled by blue- and by red light signaling systems, but many also respond only to specific wavelengths. The study provides important groundwork for future research to unravel how different genes are regulated at the molecular level and to decipher the biological meaning for the complex light-regulatory systems found in fungi.Zhenzhong YuChristian StrengRamon F. SeibeldOlumuyiwa A. IgbalajobiKai LeisterJulian IngelfingerReinhard FischerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleGeneticsQH426-470ENPLoS Genetics, Vol 17, Iss 10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Genetics QH426-470
spellingShingle	Genetics QH426-470 Zhenzhong Yu Christian Streng Ramon F. Seibeld Olumuyiwa A. Igbalajobi Kai Leister Julian Ingelfinger Reinhard Fischer Genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions
description	Fungi sense light of different wavelengths using blue-, green-, and red-light photoreceptors. Blue light sensing requires the “white-collar” proteins with flavin as chromophore, and red light is sensed through phytochrome. Here we analyzed genome-wide gene expression changes caused by short-term, low-light intensity illumination with blue-, red- or far-red light in Aspergillus nidulans and found that more than 1100 genes were differentially regulated. The largest number of up- and downregulated genes depended on the phytochrome FphA and the attached HOG pathway. FphA and the white-collar orthologue LreA fulfill activating but also repressing functions under all light conditions and both appear to have roles in the dark. Additionally, we found about 100 genes, which are red-light induced in the absence of phytochrome, suggesting alternative red-light sensing systems. We also found blue-light induced genes in the absence of the blue-light receptor LreA. We present evidence that cryptochrome may be part of this regulatory cue, but that phytochrome is essential for the response. In addition to in vivo data showing that FphA is involved in blue-light sensing, we performed spectroscopy of purified phytochrome and show that it responds indeed to blue light. Author summary Fungi are microorganisms with important roles in the environment, as symbionts, as pathogens, or as workhorses in biotechnology. They constantly need to adapt to changing environmental conditions, often far away from their optima. One important environmental factor, fungi respond to is ambient light. The presence of light tells them if they are exposed to a surface and thus potentially to heat, harmful irradiation, or desiccation or other stressful conditions, or whether they are growing inside soil or litter with more constant conditions. Interestingly, many fungi harbor photosensors for blue-, green- and red light. We show here that in the model fungus Aspergillus nidulans a large proportion of the genome is under light control, and many genes are regulated through phytochrome and thus by red light. However, phytochrome is also used for blue-light sensing. Many genes are controlled by blue- and by red light signaling systems, but many also respond only to specific wavelengths. The study provides important groundwork for future research to unravel how different genes are regulated at the molecular level and to decipher the biological meaning for the complex light-regulatory systems found in fungi.
format	article
author	Zhenzhong Yu Christian Streng Ramon F. Seibeld Olumuyiwa A. Igbalajobi Kai Leister Julian Ingelfinger Reinhard Fischer
author_facet	Zhenzhong Yu Christian Streng Ramon F. Seibeld Olumuyiwa A. Igbalajobi Kai Leister Julian Ingelfinger Reinhard Fischer
author_sort	Zhenzhong Yu
title	Genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions
title_short	Genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions
title_full	Genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions
title_fullStr	Genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions
title_full_unstemmed	Genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions
title_sort	genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9ae3835216ea42e7993f883ebc1cdfa4
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Genome-wide analyses of light-regulated genes in Aspergillus nidulans reveal a complex interplay between different photoreceptors and novel photoreceptor functions

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