Quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).

The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is an invasive beetle that has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) since it was accidentally introduced to North America in the 1990s. Understanding how predators such as woodpeckers (Picidae) affect the population dynamics of EAB should ena...

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Autores principales:	David E Jennings, Juli R Gould, John D Vandenberg, Jian J Duan, Paula M Shrewsbury
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9b1b3e2e5c8f49bbb5fefaab7ffcf477
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9b1b3e2e5c8f49bbb5fefaab7ffcf4772021-11-18T08:42:48ZQuantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0083491https://doaj.org/article/9b1b3e2e5c8f49bbb5fefaab7ffcf4772013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/24349520/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is an invasive beetle that has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) since it was accidentally introduced to North America in the 1990s. Understanding how predators such as woodpeckers (Picidae) affect the population dynamics of EAB should enable us to more effectively manage the spread of this beetle, and toward this end we combined two experimental approaches to elucidate the relative importance of woodpecker predation on EAB populations. First, we examined wild populations of EAB in ash trees in New York, with each tree having a section screened to exclude woodpeckers. Second, we established experimental cohorts of EAB in ash trees in Maryland, and the cohorts on half of these trees were caged to exclude woodpeckers. The following spring these trees were debarked and the fates of the EAB larvae were determined. We found that trees from which woodpeckers were excluded consistently had significantly lower levels of predation, and that woodpecker predation comprised a greater source of mortality at sites with a more established wild infestation of EAB. Additionally, there was a considerable difference between New York and Maryland in the effect that woodpecker predation had on EAB population growth, suggesting that predation alone may not be a substantial factor in controlling EAB. In our experimental cohorts we also observed that trees from which woodpeckers were excluded had a significantly higher level of parasitism. The lower level of parasitism on EAB larvae found when exposed to woodpeckers has implications for EAB biological control, suggesting that it might be prudent to exclude woodpeckers from trees when attempting to establish parasitoid populations. Future studies may include utilizing EAB larval cohorts with a range of densities to explore the functional response of woodpeckers.David E JenningsJuli R GouldJohn D VandenbergJian J DuanPaula M ShrewsburyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 12, p e83491 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q David E Jennings Juli R Gould John D Vandenberg Jian J Duan Paula M Shrewsbury Quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).
description	The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is an invasive beetle that has killed millions of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) since it was accidentally introduced to North America in the 1990s. Understanding how predators such as woodpeckers (Picidae) affect the population dynamics of EAB should enable us to more effectively manage the spread of this beetle, and toward this end we combined two experimental approaches to elucidate the relative importance of woodpecker predation on EAB populations. First, we examined wild populations of EAB in ash trees in New York, with each tree having a section screened to exclude woodpeckers. Second, we established experimental cohorts of EAB in ash trees in Maryland, and the cohorts on half of these trees were caged to exclude woodpeckers. The following spring these trees were debarked and the fates of the EAB larvae were determined. We found that trees from which woodpeckers were excluded consistently had significantly lower levels of predation, and that woodpecker predation comprised a greater source of mortality at sites with a more established wild infestation of EAB. Additionally, there was a considerable difference between New York and Maryland in the effect that woodpecker predation had on EAB population growth, suggesting that predation alone may not be a substantial factor in controlling EAB. In our experimental cohorts we also observed that trees from which woodpeckers were excluded had a significantly higher level of parasitism. The lower level of parasitism on EAB larvae found when exposed to woodpeckers has implications for EAB biological control, suggesting that it might be prudent to exclude woodpeckers from trees when attempting to establish parasitoid populations. Future studies may include utilizing EAB larval cohorts with a range of densities to explore the functional response of woodpeckers.
format	article
author	David E Jennings Juli R Gould John D Vandenberg Jian J Duan Paula M Shrewsbury
author_facet	David E Jennings Juli R Gould John D Vandenberg Jian J Duan Paula M Shrewsbury
author_sort	David E Jennings
title	Quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).
title_short	Quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).
title_full	Quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).
title_fullStr	Quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).
title_full_unstemmed	Quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).
title_sort	quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (agrilus planipennis).
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/9b1b3e2e5c8f49bbb5fefaab7ffcf477
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Quantifying the impact of woodpecker predation on population dynamics of the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis).

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