Lifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space

With the implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2016, Iran experienced a short period without international sanctions which resulted in an annual increase in the gross domestic product (GDP) in the following two years. However, it was not just the formal economy that was...

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Autores principales:	Mohammad Reza Farzanegan, Sven Fischer
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	shadow economy Iran sanctions JCPOA nighttime lights Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9b37be8a86ba475ca3ad1d36f0e5b8a0
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:9b37be8a86ba475ca3ad1d36f0e5b8a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9b37be8a86ba475ca3ad1d36f0e5b8a02021-11-25T18:54:50ZLifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space10.3390/rs132246202072-4292https://doaj.org/article/9b37be8a86ba475ca3ad1d36f0e5b8a02021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/13/22/4620https://doaj.org/toc/2072-4292With the implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2016, Iran experienced a short period without international sanctions which resulted in an annual increase in the gross domestic product (GDP) in the following two years. However, it was not just the formal economy that was affected by the sanctions. Previous studies have shown that sanctions can negatively affect the shadow (or informal) economy and may even have a larger impact on the informal economy than on the formal economy. Nighttime lights (NTL) data allow us to study shadow economy activities that are not reported in the official GDP. This study uses a panel of NTL (the DMSP/OLS and VIIRS/DNB harmonized dataset) from 1992 to 2018 for 31 Iranian provinces to investigate the association between the lifting of sanctions and the growth of the shadow economy. The empirical results suggest an increase in shadow economy activity with the lifting of sanctions while controlling for other drivers of informal activities.Mohammad Reza FarzaneganSven FischerMDPI AGarticleshadow economyIransanctionsJCPOAnighttime lightsScienceQENRemote Sensing, Vol 13, Iss 4620, p 4620 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	shadow economy Iran sanctions JCPOA nighttime lights Science Q
spellingShingle	shadow economy Iran sanctions JCPOA nighttime lights Science Q Mohammad Reza Farzanegan Sven Fischer Lifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space
description	With the implementation of the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA) in 2016, Iran experienced a short period without international sanctions which resulted in an annual increase in the gross domestic product (GDP) in the following two years. However, it was not just the formal economy that was affected by the sanctions. Previous studies have shown that sanctions can negatively affect the shadow (or informal) economy and may even have a larger impact on the informal economy than on the formal economy. Nighttime lights (NTL) data allow us to study shadow economy activities that are not reported in the official GDP. This study uses a panel of NTL (the DMSP/OLS and VIIRS/DNB harmonized dataset) from 1992 to 2018 for 31 Iranian provinces to investigate the association between the lifting of sanctions and the growth of the shadow economy. The empirical results suggest an increase in shadow economy activity with the lifting of sanctions while controlling for other drivers of informal activities.
format	article
author	Mohammad Reza Farzanegan Sven Fischer
author_facet	Mohammad Reza Farzanegan Sven Fischer
author_sort	Mohammad Reza Farzanegan
title	Lifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space
title_short	Lifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space
title_full	Lifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space
title_fullStr	Lifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space
title_full_unstemmed	Lifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space
title_sort	lifting of international sanctions and the shadow economy in iran—a view from outer space
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9b37be8a86ba475ca3ad1d36f0e5b8a0
work_keys_str_mv	AT mohammadrezafarzanegan liftingofinternationalsanctionsandtheshadoweconomyiniranaviewfromouterspace AT svenfischer liftingofinternationalsanctionsandtheshadoweconomyiniranaviewfromouterspace
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Lifting of International Sanctions and the Shadow Economy in Iran—A View from Outer Space

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