Absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of Drosophila embryos

Abstract Dosage compensation is a mechanism that equalizes sex chromosome gene expression between the sexes. In Drosophila, individuals with two X chromosomes (XX) become female, whereas males have one X chromosome (XY). In males, dosage compensation of the X chromosome in the soma is achieved by fi...

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Autores principales:	Ryoma Ota, Makoto Hayashi, Shumpei Morita, Hiroki Miura, Satoru Kobayashi
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9b638384b2ec4a24835bcc8506b36036
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9b638384b2ec4a24835bcc8506b360362021-12-02T13:19:22ZAbsence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of Drosophila embryos10.1038/s41598-021-84402-72045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9b638384b2ec4a24835bcc8506b360362021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84402-7https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Dosage compensation is a mechanism that equalizes sex chromosome gene expression between the sexes. In Drosophila, individuals with two X chromosomes (XX) become female, whereas males have one X chromosome (XY). In males, dosage compensation of the X chromosome in the soma is achieved by five proteins and two non-coding RNAs, which assemble into the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex to upregulate X-linked genes twofold. By contrast, it remains unclear whether dosage compensation occurs in the germline. To address this issue, we performed transcriptome analysis of male and female primordial germ cells (PGCs). We found that the expression levels of X-linked genes were approximately twofold higher in female PGCs than in male PGCs. Acetylation of lysine residue 16 on histone H4 (H4K16ac), which is catalyzed by the MSL complex, was undetectable in these cells. In male PGCs, hyperactivation of X-linked genes and H4K16ac were induced by overexpression of the essential components of the MSL complex, which were expressed at very low levels in PGCs. Together, these findings indicate that failure of MSL complex formation results in the absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in male PGCs.Ryoma OtaMakoto HayashiShumpei MoritaHiroki MiuraSatoru KobayashiNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-10 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ryoma Ota Makoto Hayashi Shumpei Morita Hiroki Miura Satoru Kobayashi Absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of Drosophila embryos
description	Abstract Dosage compensation is a mechanism that equalizes sex chromosome gene expression between the sexes. In Drosophila, individuals with two X chromosomes (XX) become female, whereas males have one X chromosome (XY). In males, dosage compensation of the X chromosome in the soma is achieved by five proteins and two non-coding RNAs, which assemble into the male-specific lethal (MSL) complex to upregulate X-linked genes twofold. By contrast, it remains unclear whether dosage compensation occurs in the germline. To address this issue, we performed transcriptome analysis of male and female primordial germ cells (PGCs). We found that the expression levels of X-linked genes were approximately twofold higher in female PGCs than in male PGCs. Acetylation of lysine residue 16 on histone H4 (H4K16ac), which is catalyzed by the MSL complex, was undetectable in these cells. In male PGCs, hyperactivation of X-linked genes and H4K16ac were induced by overexpression of the essential components of the MSL complex, which were expressed at very low levels in PGCs. Together, these findings indicate that failure of MSL complex formation results in the absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in male PGCs.
format	article
author	Ryoma Ota Makoto Hayashi Shumpei Morita Hiroki Miura Satoru Kobayashi
author_facet	Ryoma Ota Makoto Hayashi Shumpei Morita Hiroki Miura Satoru Kobayashi
author_sort	Ryoma Ota
title	Absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of Drosophila embryos
title_short	Absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of Drosophila embryos
title_full	Absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of Drosophila embryos
title_fullStr	Absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of Drosophila embryos
title_full_unstemmed	Absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of Drosophila embryos
title_sort	absence of x-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of drosophila embryos
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9b638384b2ec4a24835bcc8506b36036
work_keys_str_mv	AT ryomaota absenceofxchromosomedosagecompensationintheprimordialgermcellsofdrosophilaembryos AT makotohayashi absenceofxchromosomedosagecompensationintheprimordialgermcellsofdrosophilaembryos AT shumpeimorita absenceofxchromosomedosagecompensationintheprimordialgermcellsofdrosophilaembryos AT hirokimiura absenceofxchromosomedosagecompensationintheprimordialgermcellsofdrosophilaembryos AT satorukobayashi absenceofxchromosomedosagecompensationintheprimordialgermcellsofdrosophilaembryos
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Absence of X-chromosome dosage compensation in the primordial germ cells of Drosophila embryos

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