Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality

Global sea-level rise, the effect of climate change, poses a serious threat to rice production owing to saltwater intrusion and the accompanying increase in salt concentration. The reclaimed lands, comprising 22.1% of rice production in Korea, now face the crisis of global sea-level rise and a conti...

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Autores principales:	Choonseok Lee, Chong-Tae Chung, Woo-Jong Hong, Yang-Seok Lee, Jong-Hee Lee, Hee-Jong Koh, Ki-Hong Jung
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	climate change Oryza sativa reclaimed land salt stress seed quality sea-level rise Plant culture SB1-1110
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9b759f3262b046eeb754b1301a35837a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9b759f3262b046eeb754b1301a35837a2021-11-08T08:05:57ZTranscriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality1664-462X10.3389/fpls.2021.748273https://doaj.org/article/9b759f3262b046eeb754b1301a35837a2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpls.2021.748273/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-462XGlobal sea-level rise, the effect of climate change, poses a serious threat to rice production owing to saltwater intrusion and the accompanying increase in salt concentration. The reclaimed lands, comprising 22.1% of rice production in Korea, now face the crisis of global sea-level rise and a continuous increase in salt concentration. Here, we investigated the relationship between the decrease in seed quality and the transcriptional changes that occur in the developing rice seeds under salt stress. Compared to cultivation on normal land, the japonica rice cultivar, Samgwang, grown on reclaimed land showed a greatly increased accumulation of minerals, including sodium, magnesium, potassium, and sulfur, in seeds and a reduced yield, delayed heading, decreased thousand grain weight, and decreased palatability and amylose content. Samgwang showed phenotypical sensitivity to salt stress in the developing seeds. Using RNA-seq technology, we therefore carried out a comparative transcriptome analysis of the developing seeds grown on reclaimed and normal lands. In the biological process category, gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were closely associated with the metabolism of biomolecules, including amino acids, carboxylic acid, lignin, trehalose, polysaccharide, and chitin, and to stress responses. MapMan analysis revealed the involvement of upregulated genes in the biosynthetic pathways of abscisic acid and melatonin and the relationship of trehalose, raffinose, and maltose with osmotic stress. Interestingly, many seed storage protein genes encoding glutelins and prolamins were upregulated in the developing seeds under salt stress, indicating the negative effect of the increase of storage proteins on palatability. Transcription factors upregulated in the developing seeds under salt stress included, in particular, bHLH, MYB, zinc finger, and heat shock factor, which could act as potential targets for the manipulation of seed quality under salt stress. Our study aims to develop a useful reference for elucidating the relationship between seed response mechanisms and decreased seed quality under salt stress, providing potential strategies for the improvement of seed quality under salt stress.Choonseok LeeChong-Tae ChungWoo-Jong HongYang-Seok LeeJong-Hee LeeHee-Jong KohKi-Hong JungFrontiers Media S.A.articleclimate changeOryza sativareclaimed landsalt stressseed qualitysea-level risePlant cultureSB1-1110ENFrontiers in Plant Science, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	climate change Oryza sativa reclaimed land salt stress seed quality sea-level rise Plant culture SB1-1110
spellingShingle	climate change Oryza sativa reclaimed land salt stress seed quality sea-level rise Plant culture SB1-1110 Choonseok Lee Chong-Tae Chung Woo-Jong Hong Yang-Seok Lee Jong-Hee Lee Hee-Jong Koh Ki-Hong Jung Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality
description	Global sea-level rise, the effect of climate change, poses a serious threat to rice production owing to saltwater intrusion and the accompanying increase in salt concentration. The reclaimed lands, comprising 22.1% of rice production in Korea, now face the crisis of global sea-level rise and a continuous increase in salt concentration. Here, we investigated the relationship between the decrease in seed quality and the transcriptional changes that occur in the developing rice seeds under salt stress. Compared to cultivation on normal land, the japonica rice cultivar, Samgwang, grown on reclaimed land showed a greatly increased accumulation of minerals, including sodium, magnesium, potassium, and sulfur, in seeds and a reduced yield, delayed heading, decreased thousand grain weight, and decreased palatability and amylose content. Samgwang showed phenotypical sensitivity to salt stress in the developing seeds. Using RNA-seq technology, we therefore carried out a comparative transcriptome analysis of the developing seeds grown on reclaimed and normal lands. In the biological process category, gene ontology enrichment analysis revealed that the upregulated genes were closely associated with the metabolism of biomolecules, including amino acids, carboxylic acid, lignin, trehalose, polysaccharide, and chitin, and to stress responses. MapMan analysis revealed the involvement of upregulated genes in the biosynthetic pathways of abscisic acid and melatonin and the relationship of trehalose, raffinose, and maltose with osmotic stress. Interestingly, many seed storage protein genes encoding glutelins and prolamins were upregulated in the developing seeds under salt stress, indicating the negative effect of the increase of storage proteins on palatability. Transcription factors upregulated in the developing seeds under salt stress included, in particular, bHLH, MYB, zinc finger, and heat shock factor, which could act as potential targets for the manipulation of seed quality under salt stress. Our study aims to develop a useful reference for elucidating the relationship between seed response mechanisms and decreased seed quality under salt stress, providing potential strategies for the improvement of seed quality under salt stress.
format	article
author	Choonseok Lee Chong-Tae Chung Woo-Jong Hong Yang-Seok Lee Jong-Hee Lee Hee-Jong Koh Ki-Hong Jung
author_facet	Choonseok Lee Chong-Tae Chung Woo-Jong Hong Yang-Seok Lee Jong-Hee Lee Hee-Jong Koh Ki-Hong Jung
author_sort	Choonseok Lee
title	Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality
title_short	Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality
title_full	Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality
title_fullStr	Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality
title_full_unstemmed	Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality
title_sort	transcriptional changes in the developing rice seeds under salt stress suggest targets for manipulating seed quality
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9b759f3262b046eeb754b1301a35837a
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Transcriptional Changes in the Developing Rice Seeds Under Salt Stress Suggest Targets for Manipulating Seed Quality

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