Metagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash

Abstract Little is known of the earliest stages of soil biota development of volcanic ash, and how rapidly it can proceed. We investigated the potential for soil biota development during the first 3 years, using outdoor mesocosms of sterile, freshly fallen volcanic ash from the Sakurajima volcano, J...

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Autores principales:	Hokyung Song, Dorsaf Kerfahi, Koichi Takahashi, Sophie L. Nixon, Binu M. Tripathi, Hyoki Kim, Ryunosuke Tateno, Jonathan Adams
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9b897b32af5640e4ba55a3acb1fd8227
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9b897b32af5640e4ba55a3acb1fd82272021-12-02T16:18:05ZMetagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash10.1038/s41598-020-78413-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9b897b32af5640e4ba55a3acb1fd82272020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78413-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Little is known of the earliest stages of soil biota development of volcanic ash, and how rapidly it can proceed. We investigated the potential for soil biota development during the first 3 years, using outdoor mesocosms of sterile, freshly fallen volcanic ash from the Sakurajima volcano, Japan. Mesocosms were positioned in a range of climates across Japan and compared over 3 years, against the developed soils of surrounding natural ecosystems. DNA was extracted from mesocosms and community composition assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Metagenome sequences were obtained using shotgun metagenome sequencing. While at 12 months there was insufficient DNA for sequencing, by 24 months and 36 months, the ash-soil metagenomes already showed a similar diversity of functional genes to the developed soils, with a similar range of functions. In a surprising contrast with our hypotheses, we found that the developing ash-soil community already showed a similar gene function diversity, phylum diversity and overall relative abundances of kingdoms of life when compared to developed forest soils. The ash mesocosms also did not show any increased relative abundance of genes associated with autotrophy (rbc, coxL), nor increased relative abundance of genes that are associated with acquisition of nutrients from abiotic sources (nifH). Although gene identities and taxonomic affinities in the developing ash-soils are to some extent distinct from the natural vegetation soils, it is surprising that so many of the key components of a soil community develop already by the 24-month stage. In this system, however, rapid development may be facilitated by the relatively moderate pH of the Sakurajima ash, proximity of our mesocosms to propagule sources, and the rapid establishment of a productive bryophyte and lichen layer on the surface. Ash from other volcanoes richer in acids or more distant from propagule sources could show a different pattern and slower soil biota development.Hokyung SongDorsaf KerfahiKoichi TakahashiSophie L. NixonBinu M. TripathiHyoki KimRyunosuke TatenoJonathan AdamsNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-15 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Hokyung Song Dorsaf Kerfahi Koichi Takahashi Sophie L. Nixon Binu M. Tripathi Hyoki Kim Ryunosuke Tateno Jonathan Adams Metagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash
description	Abstract Little is known of the earliest stages of soil biota development of volcanic ash, and how rapidly it can proceed. We investigated the potential for soil biota development during the first 3 years, using outdoor mesocosms of sterile, freshly fallen volcanic ash from the Sakurajima volcano, Japan. Mesocosms were positioned in a range of climates across Japan and compared over 3 years, against the developed soils of surrounding natural ecosystems. DNA was extracted from mesocosms and community composition assessed using 16S rRNA gene sequences. Metagenome sequences were obtained using shotgun metagenome sequencing. While at 12 months there was insufficient DNA for sequencing, by 24 months and 36 months, the ash-soil metagenomes already showed a similar diversity of functional genes to the developed soils, with a similar range of functions. In a surprising contrast with our hypotheses, we found that the developing ash-soil community already showed a similar gene function diversity, phylum diversity and overall relative abundances of kingdoms of life when compared to developed forest soils. The ash mesocosms also did not show any increased relative abundance of genes associated with autotrophy (rbc, coxL), nor increased relative abundance of genes that are associated with acquisition of nutrients from abiotic sources (nifH). Although gene identities and taxonomic affinities in the developing ash-soils are to some extent distinct from the natural vegetation soils, it is surprising that so many of the key components of a soil community develop already by the 24-month stage. In this system, however, rapid development may be facilitated by the relatively moderate pH of the Sakurajima ash, proximity of our mesocosms to propagule sources, and the rapid establishment of a productive bryophyte and lichen layer on the surface. Ash from other volcanoes richer in acids or more distant from propagule sources could show a different pattern and slower soil biota development.
format	article
author	Hokyung Song Dorsaf Kerfahi Koichi Takahashi Sophie L. Nixon Binu M. Tripathi Hyoki Kim Ryunosuke Tateno Jonathan Adams
author_facet	Hokyung Song Dorsaf Kerfahi Koichi Takahashi Sophie L. Nixon Binu M. Tripathi Hyoki Kim Ryunosuke Tateno Jonathan Adams
author_sort	Hokyung Song
title	Metagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash
title_short	Metagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash
title_full	Metagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash
title_fullStr	Metagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash
title_full_unstemmed	Metagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash
title_sort	metagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/9b897b32af5640e4ba55a3acb1fd8227
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Metagenomic analysis reveals rapid development of soil biota on fresh volcanic ash

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