Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>

Glutaredoxins (GRXs), important components of the intracellular thiol redox system, are involved in multiple cellular processes. In a previous study, we identified five GRXs in the apicomplexan parasite, <i>Neospora caninum</i>. In the present study, we confirmed that the GRXs S14 and C5...

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Autores principales:	Xingju Song, Xu Yang, Zhu Ying, Heng Zhang, Jing Liu, Qun Liu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Neospora caninum</i> apicoplast glutaredoxin S14 glutaredoxin C5 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9bab0ae81cae4e57a97fbc56289e4684
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9bab0ae81cae4e57a97fbc56289e46842021-11-11T17:21:51ZIdentification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>10.3390/ijms2221119461422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/9bab0ae81cae4e57a97fbc56289e46842021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/21/11946https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Glutaredoxins (GRXs), important components of the intracellular thiol redox system, are involved in multiple cellular processes. In a previous study, we identified five GRXs in the apicomplexan parasite, <i>Neospora caninum</i>. In the present study, we confirmed that the GRXs S14 and C5 are located in the apicoplast, which suggests unique functions for these proteins. Although single-gene deficiency did not affect the growth of parasites, a double knockout (Δ<i>grx</i> S14Δ<i>grx</i> C5) significantly reduced their reproductive capacity. However, there were no significant changes in redox indices (GSH/GSSG ratio, reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radical levels) in double-knockout parasites, indicating that <i>grx</i> S14 and <i>grx</i> C5 are not essential for maintaining the redox balance in parasite cells. Key amino acid mutations confirmed that the Cys<sup>203</sup> of <i>grx</i> S14 and Cys<sup>253/256</sup> of <i>grx</i> C5 are important for parasite growth. Based on comparative proteomics, 79 proteins were significantly downregulated in double-knockout parasites, including proteins mainly involved in the electron transport chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and protein translation. Collectively, GRX S14 and GRX C5 coordinate the growth of parasites. However, considering their special localization, the unique functions of GRX S14 and GRX C5 need to be further studied.Xingju SongXu YangZhu YingHeng ZhangJing LiuQun LiuMDPI AGarticle<i>Neospora caninum</i>apicoplastglutaredoxin S14glutaredoxin C5Biology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 11946, p 11946 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Neospora caninum</i> apicoplast glutaredoxin S14 glutaredoxin C5 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999
spellingShingle	<i>Neospora caninum</i> apicoplast glutaredoxin S14 glutaredoxin C5 Biology (General) QH301-705.5 Chemistry QD1-999 Xingju Song Xu Yang Zhu Ying Heng Zhang Jing Liu Qun Liu Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>
description	Glutaredoxins (GRXs), important components of the intracellular thiol redox system, are involved in multiple cellular processes. In a previous study, we identified five GRXs in the apicomplexan parasite, <i>Neospora caninum</i>. In the present study, we confirmed that the GRXs S14 and C5 are located in the apicoplast, which suggests unique functions for these proteins. Although single-gene deficiency did not affect the growth of parasites, a double knockout (Δ<i>grx</i> S14Δ<i>grx</i> C5) significantly reduced their reproductive capacity. However, there were no significant changes in redox indices (GSH/GSSG ratio, reactive oxygen species and hydroxyl radical levels) in double-knockout parasites, indicating that <i>grx</i> S14 and <i>grx</i> C5 are not essential for maintaining the redox balance in parasite cells. Key amino acid mutations confirmed that the Cys<sup>203</sup> of <i>grx</i> S14 and Cys<sup>253/256</sup> of <i>grx</i> C5 are important for parasite growth. Based on comparative proteomics, 79 proteins were significantly downregulated in double-knockout parasites, including proteins mainly involved in the electron transport chain, the tricarboxylic acid cycle and protein translation. Collectively, GRX S14 and GRX C5 coordinate the growth of parasites. However, considering their special localization, the unique functions of GRX S14 and GRX C5 need to be further studied.
format	article
author	Xingju Song Xu Yang Zhu Ying Heng Zhang Jing Liu Qun Liu
author_facet	Xingju Song Xu Yang Zhu Ying Heng Zhang Jing Liu Qun Liu
author_sort	Xingju Song
title	Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>
title_short	Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>
title_full	Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>
title_fullStr	Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>
title_full_unstemmed	Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>
title_sort	identification and function of apicoplast glutaredoxins in <i>neospora caninum</i>
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9bab0ae81cae4e57a97fbc56289e4684
work_keys_str_mv	AT xingjusong identificationandfunctionofapicoplastglutaredoxinsinineosporacaninumi AT xuyang identificationandfunctionofapicoplastglutaredoxinsinineosporacaninumi AT zhuying identificationandfunctionofapicoplastglutaredoxinsinineosporacaninumi AT hengzhang identificationandfunctionofapicoplastglutaredoxinsinineosporacaninumi AT jingliu identificationandfunctionofapicoplastglutaredoxinsinineosporacaninumi AT qunliu identificationandfunctionofapicoplastglutaredoxinsinineosporacaninumi
_version_	1718432134666911744

Identification and Function of Apicoplast Glutaredoxins in <i>Neospora caninum</i>

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