Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan

The UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey module for water testing was included in the 2016/2017 Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey (ALCS) for 10 of the 34 provinces. The module's impact on the survey implementation was assessed through interviews and focus group discussions with survey te...

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Autores principales:	Abdus Saboor, Ahmad Khalid Amarkhel, Esmatullah Hakimi, Robert Bain, Rolf Luyendijk
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	IWA Publishing 2021
Materias:	drinking water quality household survey safely managed water services sustainable development goal Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9bb09f985b1f4d86a820f95ecbe8207a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9bb09f985b1f4d86a820f95ecbe8207a2021-11-05T19:34:28ZInclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan2043-90832408-936210.2166/washdev.2021.046https://doaj.org/article/9bb09f985b1f4d86a820f95ecbe8207a2021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttp://washdev.iwaponline.com/content/11/4/600https://doaj.org/toc/2043-9083https://doaj.org/toc/2408-9362The UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey module for water testing was included in the 2016/2017 Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey (ALCS) for 10 of the 34 provinces. The module's impact on the survey implementation was assessed through interviews and focus group discussions with survey teams. To assess the level of fecal contamination, drinking water from the source and at the point of consumption was tested for Escherichia coli using on-site membrane filtration. On-site testing of water generated significant interest from community members to receive water test results and understand how to keep their drinking water safe from contamination. The inclusion of the module in the ALCS facilitated access of the enumerators to both communities and households. Only 21.0% of households used safely managed drinking water services. A majority of households (58.2%) used water sources contaminated with E. coli, while E. coli contamination at the point of consumption was found in 77.0% of households. E. coli were more frequently detected in water sources used by households with unimproved sanitation. Beside improvement and increased protection of the water supply services, water quality deterioration between source and point of consumption calls for the promotion of safe handling and storage of water at the home. HIGHLIGHTS This study suggests that inclusion of water quality module for SDG 6.1 monitoring into household surveys seems highly feasible.; E. coli contamination of drinking water was found higher at point of use than at point of collection particularly in water sources used by households with unimproved sanitation.; Only 21% of households met SDG criteria of safely managed drinking water services in 10 of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.;Abdus SaboorAhmad Khalid AmarkhelEsmatullah HakimiRobert BainRolf LuyendijkIWA Publishingarticledrinking water qualityhousehold surveysafely managed water servicessustainable development goalEnvironmental technology. Sanitary engineeringTD1-1066ENJournal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development, Vol 11, Iss 4, Pp 600-611 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	drinking water quality household survey safely managed water services sustainable development goal Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066
spellingShingle	drinking water quality household survey safely managed water services sustainable development goal Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering TD1-1066 Abdus Saboor Ahmad Khalid Amarkhel Esmatullah Hakimi Robert Bain Rolf Luyendijk Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan
description	The UNICEF Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey module for water testing was included in the 2016/2017 Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey (ALCS) for 10 of the 34 provinces. The module's impact on the survey implementation was assessed through interviews and focus group discussions with survey teams. To assess the level of fecal contamination, drinking water from the source and at the point of consumption was tested for Escherichia coli using on-site membrane filtration. On-site testing of water generated significant interest from community members to receive water test results and understand how to keep their drinking water safe from contamination. The inclusion of the module in the ALCS facilitated access of the enumerators to both communities and households. Only 21.0% of households used safely managed drinking water services. A majority of households (58.2%) used water sources contaminated with E. coli, while E. coli contamination at the point of consumption was found in 77.0% of households. E. coli were more frequently detected in water sources used by households with unimproved sanitation. Beside improvement and increased protection of the water supply services, water quality deterioration between source and point of consumption calls for the promotion of safe handling and storage of water at the home. HIGHLIGHTS This study suggests that inclusion of water quality module for SDG 6.1 monitoring into household surveys seems highly feasible.; E. coli contamination of drinking water was found higher at point of use than at point of collection particularly in water sources used by households with unimproved sanitation.; Only 21% of households met SDG criteria of safely managed drinking water services in 10 of the 34 provinces of Afghanistan.;
format	article
author	Abdus Saboor Ahmad Khalid Amarkhel Esmatullah Hakimi Robert Bain Rolf Luyendijk
author_facet	Abdus Saboor Ahmad Khalid Amarkhel Esmatullah Hakimi Robert Bain Rolf Luyendijk
author_sort	Abdus Saboor
title	Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan
title_short	Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan
title_full	Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan
title_fullStr	Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan
title_full_unstemmed	Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan
title_sort	inclusion of water quality testing in the afghanistan living conditions survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of afghanistan
publisher	IWA Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9bb09f985b1f4d86a820f95ecbe8207a
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdussaboor inclusionofwaterqualitytestingintheafghanistanlivingconditionssurveyandstatusofbacteriologicalcontaminationofdrinkingwaterin10provincesofafghanistan AT ahmadkhalidamarkhel inclusionofwaterqualitytestingintheafghanistanlivingconditionssurveyandstatusofbacteriologicalcontaminationofdrinkingwaterin10provincesofafghanistan AT esmatullahhakimi inclusionofwaterqualitytestingintheafghanistanlivingconditionssurveyandstatusofbacteriologicalcontaminationofdrinkingwaterin10provincesofafghanistan AT robertbain inclusionofwaterqualitytestingintheafghanistanlivingconditionssurveyandstatusofbacteriologicalcontaminationofdrinkingwaterin10provincesofafghanistan AT rolfluyendijk inclusionofwaterqualitytestingintheafghanistanlivingconditionssurveyandstatusofbacteriologicalcontaminationofdrinkingwaterin10provincesofafghanistan
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Inclusion of water quality testing in the Afghanistan Living Conditions Survey and status of bacteriological contamination of drinking water in 10 provinces of Afghanistan

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