Submarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz

Abstract Seafloor structures related to the emission of different fluids, such as submarine mud volcanoes (MVs), have been recently reported to largely contribute with dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the oceans. Submarine MVs are common structures in the Gulf of Cádiz. However, little is known a...

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Autores principales:	Valentina Amaral, Cristina Romera-Castillo, Jesús Forja
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9bc50a2a167d413899f762e80fec52c4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9bc50a2a167d413899f762e80fec52c42021-12-02T10:44:08ZSubmarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz10.1038/s41598-021-82632-32045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9bc50a2a167d413899f762e80fec52c42021-02-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-82632-3https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Seafloor structures related to the emission of different fluids, such as submarine mud volcanoes (MVs), have been recently reported to largely contribute with dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the oceans. Submarine MVs are common structures in the Gulf of Cádiz. However, little is known about the biogeochemical processes that occur in these peculiar environments, especially those involving DOM. Here, we report DOM characterization in the sediment pore water of three MVs of the Gulf of Cádiz. Estimated benthic fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) were higher than in other marine sediments with an average of 0.11 ± 0.04 mmol m−2 d−1 for DOC and ranging between 0.11 and 2.86 m−1 L m−2 d−1, for CDOM. Protein-like components represented ~ 70% of the total fluorescent DOM (FDOM). We found that deep fluids migration from MVs (cold seeps) and anaerobic production via sulfate-reducing bacteria represent a source of DOC and FDOM to the overlying water column. Our results also indicate that fluorescent components can have many diverse sources not captured by common classifications. Overall, MVs act as a source of DOC, CDOM, and FDOM to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz, providing energy to the microbial communities living there.Valentina AmaralCristina Romera-CastilloJesús ForjaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Valentina Amaral Cristina Romera-Castillo Jesús Forja Submarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz
description	Abstract Seafloor structures related to the emission of different fluids, such as submarine mud volcanoes (MVs), have been recently reported to largely contribute with dissolved organic matter (DOM) into the oceans. Submarine MVs are common structures in the Gulf of Cádiz. However, little is known about the biogeochemical processes that occur in these peculiar environments, especially those involving DOM. Here, we report DOM characterization in the sediment pore water of three MVs of the Gulf of Cádiz. Estimated benthic fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and chromophoric DOM (CDOM) were higher than in other marine sediments with an average of 0.11 ± 0.04 mmol m−2 d−1 for DOC and ranging between 0.11 and 2.86 m−1 L m−2 d−1, for CDOM. Protein-like components represented ~ 70% of the total fluorescent DOM (FDOM). We found that deep fluids migration from MVs (cold seeps) and anaerobic production via sulfate-reducing bacteria represent a source of DOC and FDOM to the overlying water column. Our results also indicate that fluorescent components can have many diverse sources not captured by common classifications. Overall, MVs act as a source of DOC, CDOM, and FDOM to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz, providing energy to the microbial communities living there.
format	article
author	Valentina Amaral Cristina Romera-Castillo Jesús Forja
author_facet	Valentina Amaral Cristina Romera-Castillo Jesús Forja
author_sort	Valentina Amaral
title	Submarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz
title_short	Submarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz
title_full	Submarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz
title_fullStr	Submarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz
title_full_unstemmed	Submarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz
title_sort	submarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the gulf of cádiz
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9bc50a2a167d413899f762e80fec52c4
work_keys_str_mv	AT valentinaamaral submarinemudvolcanoesasasourceofchromophoricdissolvedorganicmattertothedeepwatersofthegulfofcadiz AT cristinaromeracastillo submarinemudvolcanoesasasourceofchromophoricdissolvedorganicmattertothedeepwatersofthegulfofcadiz AT jesusforja submarinemudvolcanoesasasourceofchromophoricdissolvedorganicmattertothedeepwatersofthegulfofcadiz
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Submarine mud volcanoes as a source of chromophoric dissolved organic matter to the deep waters of the Gulf of Cádiz

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