Classic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile

Lingwen Ying,1,&ast; Yong Zhang,2,&ast; Jun Yin,1,&ast; Yufei Wang,1 Wei Lu,1 Wei Zhu,1 Yuqian Bao,1 Jian Zhou1 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institut...

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Autores principales:	Ying L, Zhang Y, Yin J, Wang Y, Lu W, Zhu W, Bao Y, Zhou J
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	cytokine profile fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus immune response multifactor detection type 1 diabetes mellitus Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9be740e2b2a5463b9a80bf6d3ef21638
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9be740e2b2a5463b9a80bf6d3ef216382021-11-30T18:50:36ZClassic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile1178-7007https://doaj.org/article/9be740e2b2a5463b9a80bf6d3ef216382021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/classic-type-1-diabetes-mellitus-and-fulminant-type-1-diabetes-mellitu-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DMSOhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7007Lingwen Ying,1,&ast; Yong Zhang,2,&ast; Jun Yin,1,&ast; Yufei Wang,1 Wei Lu,1 Wei Zhu,1 Yuqian Bao,1 Jian Zhou1 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jian ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-64369181Fax +86-21-64368031Email zhoujian@sjtu.edu.cnPurpose: We aimed to explore the immunological characteristics and cytokine profile of the initial stage of type 1 diabetes.Patients and Methods: In total, 123 age- and sex-matched subjects with newly diagnosed classic type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1ADM), fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled. Serum cytokine levels were measured using Milliplex MAP multifactor detection.Results: There was a significant increase in the levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ 1) and TGFβ 2 and decrease in programmed death-1 (PD-1), PD ligand 1 (PD-L1), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes patients compared with the NGT subjects (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood routine indicators between the two groups. Type 1 diabetes was further divided into T1ADM and FT1DM subgroups. FT1DM patients had much higher CRP levels than T1ADM patients (4.90 [0.95– 26.05] mg/L vs 0.39 [0.20– 0.74] mg/L, P < 0.01). Blood routine results showed that the number of leukocytes was significantly increased in FT1DM compared with that in T1ADM (9.2 [5.1– 18.8] × 109 cells/L vs 5.4 [4.5– 6.7] × 109 cells/L, P < 0.01). In FT1DM patients, neutrophil% was increased, and lymphocyte% was declined significantly, compared with that in T1ADM patients (neutrophil%: 80.2 [59.2– 85.2]% vs 59.5 [54.8– 64.0]%; lymphocyte%: 18.3 [10.1– 32.3]% vs 32.6 [26.8– 35.9]%; both P < 0.01). However, there was no difference between FT1DM and T1ADM in cytokine profile except for the decrease in CTLA-4 in T1ADM (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Compared with T1ADM, CRP and leukocytes’ levels were increased significantly in FT1DM, with an increase in neutrophil% and decline in lymphocyte%, suggesting that FT1DM may have more abrupt onset and occur as a more serious subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Keywords: cytokine profile, fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, immune response, multifactor detection, type 1 diabetes mellitusYing LZhang YYin JWang YLu WZhu WBao YZhou JDove Medical Pressarticlecytokine profilefulminant type 1 diabetes mellitusimmune responsemultifactor detectiontype 1 diabetes mellitusSpecialties of internal medicineRC581-951ENDiabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy, Vol Volume 14, Pp 4661-4670 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	cytokine profile fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus immune response multifactor detection type 1 diabetes mellitus Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951
spellingShingle	cytokine profile fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus immune response multifactor detection type 1 diabetes mellitus Specialties of internal medicine RC581-951 Ying L Zhang Y Yin J Wang Y Lu W Zhu W Bao Y Zhou J Classic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile
description	Lingwen Ying,1,&ast; Yong Zhang,2,&ast; Jun Yin,1,&ast; Yufei Wang,1 Wei Lu,1 Wei Zhu,1 Yuqian Bao,1 Jian Zhou1 1Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital; Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes; Shanghai Diabetes Institute; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Jian ZhouDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People’s Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai, 200233, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-21-64369181Fax +86-21-64368031Email zhoujian@sjtu.edu.cnPurpose: We aimed to explore the immunological characteristics and cytokine profile of the initial stage of type 1 diabetes.Patients and Methods: In total, 123 age- and sex-matched subjects with newly diagnosed classic type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1ADM), fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus (FT1DM), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT) were enrolled. Serum cytokine levels were measured using Milliplex MAP multifactor detection.Results: There was a significant increase in the levels of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ 1) and TGFβ 2 and decrease in programmed death-1 (PD-1), PD ligand 1 (PD-L1), pro-inflammatory cytokines, and anti-inflammatory cytokines in type 1 diabetes patients compared with the NGT subjects (all P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in C-reactive protein (CRP) and blood routine indicators between the two groups. Type 1 diabetes was further divided into T1ADM and FT1DM subgroups. FT1DM patients had much higher CRP levels than T1ADM patients (4.90 [0.95– 26.05] mg/L vs 0.39 [0.20– 0.74] mg/L, P < 0.01). Blood routine results showed that the number of leukocytes was significantly increased in FT1DM compared with that in T1ADM (9.2 [5.1– 18.8] × 109 cells/L vs 5.4 [4.5– 6.7] × 109 cells/L, P < 0.01). In FT1DM patients, neutrophil% was increased, and lymphocyte% was declined significantly, compared with that in T1ADM patients (neutrophil%: 80.2 [59.2– 85.2]% vs 59.5 [54.8– 64.0]%; lymphocyte%: 18.3 [10.1– 32.3]% vs 32.6 [26.8– 35.9]%; both P < 0.01). However, there was no difference between FT1DM and T1ADM in cytokine profile except for the decrease in CTLA-4 in T1ADM (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Compared with T1ADM, CRP and leukocytes’ levels were increased significantly in FT1DM, with an increase in neutrophil% and decline in lymphocyte%, suggesting that FT1DM may have more abrupt onset and occur as a more serious subtype of type 1 diabetes mellitus.Keywords: cytokine profile, fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus, immune response, multifactor detection, type 1 diabetes mellitus
format	article
author	Ying L Zhang Y Yin J Wang Y Lu W Zhu W Bao Y Zhou J
author_facet	Ying L Zhang Y Yin J Wang Y Lu W Zhu W Bao Y Zhou J
author_sort	Ying L
title	Classic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile
title_short	Classic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile
title_full	Classic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile
title_fullStr	Classic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile
title_full_unstemmed	Classic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile
title_sort	classic type 1 diabetes mellitus and fulminant type 1 diabetes mellitus: similarity and discrepancy of immunological characteristics and cytokine profile
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9be740e2b2a5463b9a80bf6d3ef21638
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Classic Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Fulminant Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: Similarity and Discrepancy of Immunological Characteristics and Cytokine Profile

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