Age-Related Differences in the Expression of Most Relevant Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tract

Background: Clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection seem to differ in children compared to that in adults. It has been hypothesized that the lower clinical severity in children could be influenced by differential expression of the main host functio...

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Autores principales:	Roberto Berni Canani, Marika Comegna, Lorella Paparo, Gustavo Cernera, Cristina Bruno, Caterina Strisciuglio, Immacolata Zollo, Antonietta Gerarda Gravina, Erasmo Miele, Elena Cantone, Nicola Gennarelli, Rita Nocerino, Laura Carucci, Veronica Giglio, Felice Amato, Giuseppe Castaldo
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	COVID-19 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transmembrane serine protease-2 neuropilin-1 healthy subjects Pediatrics RJ1-570
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9bf524bfbbfe4285ab73f24c9aa61bc4
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9bf524bfbbfe4285ab73f24c9aa61bc42021-11-10T13:11:44ZAge-Related Differences in the Expression of Most Relevant Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tract2296-236010.3389/fped.2021.697390https://doaj.org/article/9bf524bfbbfe4285ab73f24c9aa61bc42021-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2021.697390/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-2360Background: Clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection seem to differ in children compared to that in adults. It has been hypothesized that the lower clinical severity in children could be influenced by differential expression of the main host functional receptor to SARS-CoV-2, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but data are still conflicting. To explore the origin of age-dependent clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we comparatively evaluated the expression in children and adult subjects of the most relevant mediators of the SARS-CoV-2 infection: ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1), transmembrane serine protease-2 (TMPRSS2), and neuropilin-1 (NRP1), at upper respiratory tract and small intestine level.Methods: The expression of ACE2, ACE1, TMPRSS2, and NRP1 in nasal epithelium and in small intestine epithelium was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis.Results: We found no differences in ACE2, ACE1, and TMPRSS2 expression in the nasal epithelium comparing children and adult subjects. In contrast, nasal epithelium NRP1 expression was lower in children compared to that in adults. Intestinal ACE2 expression was higher in children compared to that in adults, whereas intestinal ACE1 expression was higher in adults. Intestinal TMPRSS2 and NRP1 expression was similar comparing children and adult subjects.Conclusions: The lower severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in children may be due to a different expression of nasal NRP1, that promotes the virus interaction with ACE2. However, the common findings of intestinal symptoms in children could be due to a higher expression of ACE2 at this level. The insights from these data will be useful in determining the treatment policies and preventive measures for COVID-19.Roberto Berni CananiRoberto Berni CananiRoberto Berni CananiRoberto Berni CananiMarika ComegnaMarika ComegnaLorella PaparoLorella PaparoGustavo CerneraGustavo CerneraCristina BrunoCristina BrunoCaterina StrisciuglioImmacolata ZolloImmacolata ZolloAntonietta Gerarda GravinaErasmo MieleElena CantoneNicola GennarelliRita NocerinoRita NocerinoLaura CarucciLaura CarucciVeronica GiglioVeronica GiglioFelice AmatoFelice AmatoGiuseppe CastaldoGiuseppe CastaldoFrontiers Media S.A.articleCOVID-19angiotensin-converting enzyme 2transmembrane serine protease-2neuropilin-1healthy subjectsPediatricsRJ1-570ENFrontiers in Pediatrics, Vol 9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	COVID-19 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transmembrane serine protease-2 neuropilin-1 healthy subjects Pediatrics RJ1-570
spellingShingle	COVID-19 angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transmembrane serine protease-2 neuropilin-1 healthy subjects Pediatrics RJ1-570 Roberto Berni Canani Roberto Berni Canani Roberto Berni Canani Roberto Berni Canani Marika Comegna Marika Comegna Lorella Paparo Lorella Paparo Gustavo Cernera Gustavo Cernera Cristina Bruno Cristina Bruno Caterina Strisciuglio Immacolata Zollo Immacolata Zollo Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Erasmo Miele Elena Cantone Nicola Gennarelli Rita Nocerino Rita Nocerino Laura Carucci Laura Carucci Veronica Giglio Veronica Giglio Felice Amato Felice Amato Giuseppe Castaldo Giuseppe Castaldo Age-Related Differences in the Expression of Most Relevant Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tract
description	Background: Clinical features of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection seem to differ in children compared to that in adults. It has been hypothesized that the lower clinical severity in children could be influenced by differential expression of the main host functional receptor to SARS-CoV-2, the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), but data are still conflicting. To explore the origin of age-dependent clinical features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we comparatively evaluated the expression in children and adult subjects of the most relevant mediators of the SARS-CoV-2 infection: ACE2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 1 (ACE1), transmembrane serine protease-2 (TMPRSS2), and neuropilin-1 (NRP1), at upper respiratory tract and small intestine level.Methods: The expression of ACE2, ACE1, TMPRSS2, and NRP1 in nasal epithelium and in small intestine epithelium was investigated by quantitative real-time PCR analysis.Results: We found no differences in ACE2, ACE1, and TMPRSS2 expression in the nasal epithelium comparing children and adult subjects. In contrast, nasal epithelium NRP1 expression was lower in children compared to that in adults. Intestinal ACE2 expression was higher in children compared to that in adults, whereas intestinal ACE1 expression was higher in adults. Intestinal TMPRSS2 and NRP1 expression was similar comparing children and adult subjects.Conclusions: The lower severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection observed in children may be due to a different expression of nasal NRP1, that promotes the virus interaction with ACE2. However, the common findings of intestinal symptoms in children could be due to a higher expression of ACE2 at this level. The insights from these data will be useful in determining the treatment policies and preventive measures for COVID-19.
format	article
author	Roberto Berni Canani Roberto Berni Canani Roberto Berni Canani Roberto Berni Canani Marika Comegna Marika Comegna Lorella Paparo Lorella Paparo Gustavo Cernera Gustavo Cernera Cristina Bruno Cristina Bruno Caterina Strisciuglio Immacolata Zollo Immacolata Zollo Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Erasmo Miele Elena Cantone Nicola Gennarelli Rita Nocerino Rita Nocerino Laura Carucci Laura Carucci Veronica Giglio Veronica Giglio Felice Amato Felice Amato Giuseppe Castaldo Giuseppe Castaldo
author_facet	Roberto Berni Canani Roberto Berni Canani Roberto Berni Canani Roberto Berni Canani Marika Comegna Marika Comegna Lorella Paparo Lorella Paparo Gustavo Cernera Gustavo Cernera Cristina Bruno Cristina Bruno Caterina Strisciuglio Immacolata Zollo Immacolata Zollo Antonietta Gerarda Gravina Erasmo Miele Elena Cantone Nicola Gennarelli Rita Nocerino Rita Nocerino Laura Carucci Laura Carucci Veronica Giglio Veronica Giglio Felice Amato Felice Amato Giuseppe Castaldo Giuseppe Castaldo
author_sort	Roberto Berni Canani
title	Age-Related Differences in the Expression of Most Relevant Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tract
title_short	Age-Related Differences in the Expression of Most Relevant Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tract
title_full	Age-Related Differences in the Expression of Most Relevant Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tract
title_fullStr	Age-Related Differences in the Expression of Most Relevant Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tract
title_full_unstemmed	Age-Related Differences in the Expression of Most Relevant Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tract
title_sort	age-related differences in the expression of most relevant mediators of sars-cov-2 infection in human respiratory and gastrointestinal tract
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9bf524bfbbfe4285ab73f24c9aa61bc4
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Age-Related Differences in the Expression of Most Relevant Mediators of SARS-CoV-2 Infection in Human Respiratory and Gastrointestinal Tract

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