The Impact of Disparities in Social Determinants of Health on Hospitalization Rates for Patients with COVID-19 in Michigan (USA)

Megan McCrohan,1,&ast; Linnea Nierenberg,1,&ast; Patrick Karabon,2 Tracy Wunderlich-Barillas,2 Alexandra Halalau1,3 1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA; 2Office of Research, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA; 3I...

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Autores principales:	McCrohan M, Nierenberg L, Karabon P, Wunderlich-Barillas T, Halalau A
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Dove Medical Press 2021
Materias:	covid-19 hospitalization social determinants of health disparities Medicine (General) R5-920
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9c09d30037f04fb2bbdd95104db272bc
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9c09d30037f04fb2bbdd95104db272bc2021-11-04T19:00:26ZThe Impact of Disparities in Social Determinants of Health on Hospitalization Rates for Patients with COVID-19 in Michigan (USA)1178-7074https://doaj.org/article/9c09d30037f04fb2bbdd95104db272bc2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.dovepress.com/the-impact-of-disparities-in-social-determinants-of-health-on-hospital-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IJGMhttps://doaj.org/toc/1178-7074Megan McCrohan,1,&ast; Linnea Nierenberg,1,&ast; Patrick Karabon,2 Tracy Wunderlich-Barillas,2 Alexandra Halalau1,3 1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA; 2Office of Research, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA; 3Internal Medicine Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Linnea Nierenberg Email nierenberglinnea@gmail.comImportance: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the health-care system in the United States and has brought further light on health disparities within it. However, only a few studies have examined hospitalization risk with regard to social determinants of health.Objective: We aimed to identify how health disparities affect hospitalization rates among patients with COVID-19.Design: This observational study included all individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 from February 25, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Uni- and multivariate analyses were utilized to evaluate associations between demographic data and inpatient versus outpatient status for patients with COVID-19.Setting: Multicenter (8 hospitals), largest size health system in Southeast Michigan, a region highly impacted by the pandemic.Participants: All outpatients and inpatients with a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swab were included. Exclusion criteria included missing demographic data or status as a non-permanent Michigan resident.Exposure: Patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided in 2 groups: outpatients and inpatients.Main Outcome and Measures: We described the comparative demographics and known disparities associated with hospitalization status.Results: Of 30,292 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 34.01% were admitted to the hospital. White or Caucasian race was most prevalent (57.49%), and 23.35% were African-American. The most common ethnicity was non-Hispanic or Latino (70.48%). English was the primary language for the majority of patients (91.60%). Private insurance holders made up 71.11% of the sample. Within the hospitalized patients, lower socioeconomic status, African-American race and Hispanic and Latino ethnicity, non-English speaking status, and Medicare and Medicaid were more likely to be admitted to the hospital.Conclusions and Relevance: Several health disparities were associated with greater rates of hospitalization due to COVID-19. Addressing these inequalities from an individual to system level may improve health-care outcomes for those with health disparities and COVID-19.Keywords: COVID-19, hospitalization, social determinants of health, disparitiesMcCrohan MNierenberg LKarabon PWunderlich-Barillas THalalau ADove Medical Pressarticlecovid-19hospitalizationsocial determinants of healthdisparitiesMedicine (General)R5-920ENInternational Journal of General Medicine, Vol Volume 14, Pp 7681-7686 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	covid-19 hospitalization social determinants of health disparities Medicine (General) R5-920
spellingShingle	covid-19 hospitalization social determinants of health disparities Medicine (General) R5-920 McCrohan M Nierenberg L Karabon P Wunderlich-Barillas T Halalau A The Impact of Disparities in Social Determinants of Health on Hospitalization Rates for Patients with COVID-19 in Michigan (USA)
description	Megan McCrohan,1,&ast; Linnea Nierenberg,1,&ast; Patrick Karabon,2 Tracy Wunderlich-Barillas,2 Alexandra Halalau1,3 1Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA; 2Office of Research, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Rochester, MI, USA; 3Internal Medicine Department, Beaumont Health, Royal Oak, MI, USA&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Linnea Nierenberg Email nierenberglinnea@gmail.comImportance: The COVID-19 pandemic continues to impact the health-care system in the United States and has brought further light on health disparities within it. However, only a few studies have examined hospitalization risk with regard to social determinants of health.Objective: We aimed to identify how health disparities affect hospitalization rates among patients with COVID-19.Design: This observational study included all individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 from February 25, 2020 to December 31, 2020. Uni- and multivariate analyses were utilized to evaluate associations between demographic data and inpatient versus outpatient status for patients with COVID-19.Setting: Multicenter (8 hospitals), largest size health system in Southeast Michigan, a region highly impacted by the pandemic.Participants: All outpatients and inpatients with a positive RT-PCR for SARS-CoV-2 on nasopharyngeal swab were included. Exclusion criteria included missing demographic data or status as a non-permanent Michigan resident.Exposure: Patients who met inclusion and exclusion criteria were divided in 2 groups: outpatients and inpatients.Main Outcome and Measures: We described the comparative demographics and known disparities associated with hospitalization status.Results: Of 30,292 individuals who tested positive for SARS-CoV-2, 34.01% were admitted to the hospital. White or Caucasian race was most prevalent (57.49%), and 23.35% were African-American. The most common ethnicity was non-Hispanic or Latino (70.48%). English was the primary language for the majority of patients (91.60%). Private insurance holders made up 71.11% of the sample. Within the hospitalized patients, lower socioeconomic status, African-American race and Hispanic and Latino ethnicity, non-English speaking status, and Medicare and Medicaid were more likely to be admitted to the hospital.Conclusions and Relevance: Several health disparities were associated with greater rates of hospitalization due to COVID-19. Addressing these inequalities from an individual to system level may improve health-care outcomes for those with health disparities and COVID-19.Keywords: COVID-19, hospitalization, social determinants of health, disparities
format	article
author	McCrohan M Nierenberg L Karabon P Wunderlich-Barillas T Halalau A
author_facet	McCrohan M Nierenberg L Karabon P Wunderlich-Barillas T Halalau A
author_sort	McCrohan M
title	The Impact of Disparities in Social Determinants of Health on Hospitalization Rates for Patients with COVID-19 in Michigan (USA)
title_short	The Impact of Disparities in Social Determinants of Health on Hospitalization Rates for Patients with COVID-19 in Michigan (USA)
title_full	The Impact of Disparities in Social Determinants of Health on Hospitalization Rates for Patients with COVID-19 in Michigan (USA)
title_fullStr	The Impact of Disparities in Social Determinants of Health on Hospitalization Rates for Patients with COVID-19 in Michigan (USA)
title_full_unstemmed	The Impact of Disparities in Social Determinants of Health on Hospitalization Rates for Patients with COVID-19 in Michigan (USA)
title_sort	impact of disparities in social determinants of health on hospitalization rates for patients with covid-19 in michigan (usa)
publisher	Dove Medical Press
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9c09d30037f04fb2bbdd95104db272bc
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The Impact of Disparities in Social Determinants of Health on Hospitalization Rates for Patients with COVID-19 in Michigan (USA)

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