Functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti and Mysticeti suborders of cetaceans

Abstract Cetaceans, a group of mammals adapted to the aquatic environment that descended from terrestrial artiodactyls, exhibit tremendous interspecific differences in a number of phenotypes, including feeding behavior, such as filter feeding in the Mysticeti vs prey-hunting Odontoceti, and size, wi...

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Autores principales:	Liyuan Zhao, Xiaofan Zhou, Antonis Rokas, Roger D. Cone
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2017
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9c23665805604e568360c598e45f38a0
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9c23665805604e568360c598e45f38a02021-12-02T15:06:23ZFunctional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti and Mysticeti suborders of cetaceans10.1038/s41598-017-05962-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9c23665805604e568360c598e45f38a02017-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-05962-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Cetaceans, a group of mammals adapted to the aquatic environment that descended from terrestrial artiodactyls, exhibit tremendous interspecific differences in a number of phenotypes, including feeding behavior, such as filter feeding in the Mysticeti vs prey-hunting Odontoceti, and size, with the smallest cetacean, the vaquita, at 1.4 meters and the largest, the blue whale, reaching 33 meters. The Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) regulates food intake, energy balance, and somatic growth in both mammals and teleosts. In this study, we examined allelic variants of the MC4R in cetaceans. We sequenced the MC4R from 20 cetaceans, and pharmacologically characterized 17 of these protein products. Results identified a single variation at amino acid 156 in the MC4R from representative species of major cetacean lineages uniquely associated with the toothed whales or Odontoceti (arginine at 156) and baleen whales or Mysticeti (glutamine at 156). The Q156 receptor variant found in the larger baleen whales was functionally less responsive to its endogenous anorexigenic ligand, α-MSH. Furthermore, the R156 receptor variant showed greater constitutive activity and a higher affinity for ligand. These data suggest that the MC4R may be one gene involved in the evolution of feeding ecology, energy balance, and body size in cetaceans.Liyuan ZhaoXiaofan ZhouAntonis RokasRoger D. ConeNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 7, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2017)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Liyuan Zhao Xiaofan Zhou Antonis Rokas Roger D. Cone Functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti and Mysticeti suborders of cetaceans
description	Abstract Cetaceans, a group of mammals adapted to the aquatic environment that descended from terrestrial artiodactyls, exhibit tremendous interspecific differences in a number of phenotypes, including feeding behavior, such as filter feeding in the Mysticeti vs prey-hunting Odontoceti, and size, with the smallest cetacean, the vaquita, at 1.4 meters and the largest, the blue whale, reaching 33 meters. The Melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) regulates food intake, energy balance, and somatic growth in both mammals and teleosts. In this study, we examined allelic variants of the MC4R in cetaceans. We sequenced the MC4R from 20 cetaceans, and pharmacologically characterized 17 of these protein products. Results identified a single variation at amino acid 156 in the MC4R from representative species of major cetacean lineages uniquely associated with the toothed whales or Odontoceti (arginine at 156) and baleen whales or Mysticeti (glutamine at 156). The Q156 receptor variant found in the larger baleen whales was functionally less responsive to its endogenous anorexigenic ligand, α-MSH. Furthermore, the R156 receptor variant showed greater constitutive activity and a higher affinity for ligand. These data suggest that the MC4R may be one gene involved in the evolution of feeding ecology, energy balance, and body size in cetaceans.
format	article
author	Liyuan Zhao Xiaofan Zhou Antonis Rokas Roger D. Cone
author_facet	Liyuan Zhao Xiaofan Zhou Antonis Rokas Roger D. Cone
author_sort	Liyuan Zhao
title	Functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti and Mysticeti suborders of cetaceans
title_short	Functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti and Mysticeti suborders of cetaceans
title_full	Functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti and Mysticeti suborders of cetaceans
title_fullStr	Functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti and Mysticeti suborders of cetaceans
title_full_unstemmed	Functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti and Mysticeti suborders of cetaceans
title_sort	functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the odontoceti and mysticeti suborders of cetaceans
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2017
url	https://doaj.org/article/9c23665805604e568360c598e45f38a0
work_keys_str_mv	AT liyuanzhao functionalvariantsofthemelanocortin4receptorassociatedwiththeodontocetiandmysticetisubordersofcetaceans AT xiaofanzhou functionalvariantsofthemelanocortin4receptorassociatedwiththeodontocetiandmysticetisubordersofcetaceans AT antonisrokas functionalvariantsofthemelanocortin4receptorassociatedwiththeodontocetiandmysticetisubordersofcetaceans AT rogerdcone functionalvariantsofthemelanocortin4receptorassociatedwiththeodontocetiandmysticetisubordersofcetaceans
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Functional variants of the melanocortin-4 receptor associated with the Odontoceti and Mysticeti suborders of cetaceans

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