Potential Applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Droplet-Based Microfluidics in Promoting the Discovery of Specific Antibodies for Characterizations of Fish Immune Cells

Akin to their mammalian counterparts, teleost fish possess a complex assortment of highly specialized immune cells that are capable of unleashing potent innate immune responses to eradicate or mitigate incoming pathogens, and also differentiate into memory lymphocytes to provide long-term protection...

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Autores principales:	Chenjie Fei, Li Nie, Jianhua Zhang, Jiong Chen
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	teleost fish immune cells monoclonal antibodies fluorescence-activated cell sorting droplet-based microfluidics Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9c2f08d3a86a484db941dfc3748a15b3
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9c2f08d3a86a484db941dfc3748a15b32021-11-16T07:05:48ZPotential Applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Droplet-Based Microfluidics in Promoting the Discovery of Specific Antibodies for Characterizations of Fish Immune Cells1664-322410.3389/fimmu.2021.771231https://doaj.org/article/9c2f08d3a86a484db941dfc3748a15b32021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2021.771231/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/1664-3224Akin to their mammalian counterparts, teleost fish possess a complex assortment of highly specialized immune cells that are capable of unleashing potent innate immune responses to eradicate or mitigate incoming pathogens, and also differentiate into memory lymphocytes to provide long-term protection. Investigations into specific roles and functions of fish immune cells depend on the precise separation of each cell type. Commonly used techniques, for example, density gradient centrifugation, rely on immune cells to have differing sizes or densities and thus fail to separate between similar cell types (e.g. T and B lymphocytes). Furthermore, a continuously growing database of teleost genomic information has revealed an inventory of cellular markers, indicating the possible presence of immune cell subsets in teleost fish. This further complicates the interpretation of results if subsets of immune cells are not properly separated. Consequently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against specific cellular markers are required to precisely identify and separate novel subsets of immune cells in fish. In the field of fish immunology, mAbs are largely generated using the hybridoma technology, resulting in the development of mAbs against specific cellular markers in different fish species. Nevertheless, this technology suffers from being labour-intensive, time-consuming and most importantly, the inevitable loss of diversities of antibodies during the fusion of antibody-expressing B lymphocytes and myeloma cells. In light of this, the focus of this review is to discuss the potential applications of fluorescence-activated cell sorting and droplet-based microfluidics, two emerging technologies capable of screening and identifying antigen-specific B lymphocytes in a high-throughput manner, in promoting the development of valuable reagents for fish immunology studies. Our main goal is to encourage the incorporation of alternative technologies into the field of fish immunology to promote the production of specific antibodies in a high-throughput and cost-effective way, which could better allow for the precise separation of fish immune cells and also facilitate the identification of novel immune cell subsets in teleost fish.Chenjie FeiChenjie FeiChenjie FeiLi NieLi NieLi NieJianhua ZhangJianhua ZhangJianhua ZhangJiong ChenJiong ChenJiong ChenFrontiers Media S.A.articleteleost fishimmune cellsmonoclonal antibodiesfluorescence-activated cell sortingdroplet-based microfluidicsImmunologic diseases. AllergyRC581-607ENFrontiers in Immunology, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	teleost fish immune cells monoclonal antibodies fluorescence-activated cell sorting droplet-based microfluidics Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607
spellingShingle	teleost fish immune cells monoclonal antibodies fluorescence-activated cell sorting droplet-based microfluidics Immunologic diseases. Allergy RC581-607 Chenjie Fei Chenjie Fei Chenjie Fei Li Nie Li Nie Li Nie Jianhua Zhang Jianhua Zhang Jianhua Zhang Jiong Chen Jiong Chen Jiong Chen Potential Applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Droplet-Based Microfluidics in Promoting the Discovery of Specific Antibodies for Characterizations of Fish Immune Cells
description	Akin to their mammalian counterparts, teleost fish possess a complex assortment of highly specialized immune cells that are capable of unleashing potent innate immune responses to eradicate or mitigate incoming pathogens, and also differentiate into memory lymphocytes to provide long-term protection. Investigations into specific roles and functions of fish immune cells depend on the precise separation of each cell type. Commonly used techniques, for example, density gradient centrifugation, rely on immune cells to have differing sizes or densities and thus fail to separate between similar cell types (e.g. T and B lymphocytes). Furthermore, a continuously growing database of teleost genomic information has revealed an inventory of cellular markers, indicating the possible presence of immune cell subsets in teleost fish. This further complicates the interpretation of results if subsets of immune cells are not properly separated. Consequently, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against specific cellular markers are required to precisely identify and separate novel subsets of immune cells in fish. In the field of fish immunology, mAbs are largely generated using the hybridoma technology, resulting in the development of mAbs against specific cellular markers in different fish species. Nevertheless, this technology suffers from being labour-intensive, time-consuming and most importantly, the inevitable loss of diversities of antibodies during the fusion of antibody-expressing B lymphocytes and myeloma cells. In light of this, the focus of this review is to discuss the potential applications of fluorescence-activated cell sorting and droplet-based microfluidics, two emerging technologies capable of screening and identifying antigen-specific B lymphocytes in a high-throughput manner, in promoting the development of valuable reagents for fish immunology studies. Our main goal is to encourage the incorporation of alternative technologies into the field of fish immunology to promote the production of specific antibodies in a high-throughput and cost-effective way, which could better allow for the precise separation of fish immune cells and also facilitate the identification of novel immune cell subsets in teleost fish.
format	article
author	Chenjie Fei Chenjie Fei Chenjie Fei Li Nie Li Nie Li Nie Jianhua Zhang Jianhua Zhang Jianhua Zhang Jiong Chen Jiong Chen Jiong Chen
author_facet	Chenjie Fei Chenjie Fei Chenjie Fei Li Nie Li Nie Li Nie Jianhua Zhang Jianhua Zhang Jianhua Zhang Jiong Chen Jiong Chen Jiong Chen
author_sort	Chenjie Fei
title	Potential Applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Droplet-Based Microfluidics in Promoting the Discovery of Specific Antibodies for Characterizations of Fish Immune Cells
title_short	Potential Applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Droplet-Based Microfluidics in Promoting the Discovery of Specific Antibodies for Characterizations of Fish Immune Cells
title_full	Potential Applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Droplet-Based Microfluidics in Promoting the Discovery of Specific Antibodies for Characterizations of Fish Immune Cells
title_fullStr	Potential Applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Droplet-Based Microfluidics in Promoting the Discovery of Specific Antibodies for Characterizations of Fish Immune Cells
title_full_unstemmed	Potential Applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Droplet-Based Microfluidics in Promoting the Discovery of Specific Antibodies for Characterizations of Fish Immune Cells
title_sort	potential applications of fluorescence-activated cell sorting (facs) and droplet-based microfluidics in promoting the discovery of specific antibodies for characterizations of fish immune cells
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9c2f08d3a86a484db941dfc3748a15b3
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Potential Applications of Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting (FACS) and Droplet-Based Microfluidics in Promoting the Discovery of Specific Antibodies for Characterizations of Fish Immune Cells

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