Genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone

Abstract Allopatric gene pools can evolve in different directions through adaptive and nonadaptive processes and are therefore a source of intraspecific diversity. The connection of these previously isolated gene pools through human intervention can lead to intraspecific diversity loss, through exti...

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Autores principales:	Dorinda Marie Folio, Jordi Gil, Arnaud Caudron, Jacques Labonne
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Wiley 2021
Materias:	embryonic survival hybridization introgression maternal effect postzygotic selection reproductive isolation Evolution QH359-425
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9c302189311f47939a467aa92ec76a3b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9c302189311f47939a467aa92ec76a3b2021-11-15T07:15:50ZGenotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone1752-457110.1111/eva.13307https://doaj.org/article/9c302189311f47939a467aa92ec76a3b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1111/eva.13307https://doaj.org/toc/1752-4571Abstract Allopatric gene pools can evolve in different directions through adaptive and nonadaptive processes and are therefore a source of intraspecific diversity. The connection of these previously isolated gene pools through human intervention can lead to intraspecific diversity loss, through extirpation of native populations or hybridization. However, the mechanisms leading to these situations are not always explicitly documented and are thus rarely used to manage intraspecific diversity. In particular, genotype‐by‐environment (GxE) interactions can drive postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms that may result in a mosaic of diversity patterns, depending on the local environment. We test this hypothesis using a salmonid species (Salmo trutta) in the Mediterranean (MED) area, where intensive stocking from non‐native Atlantic (ATL) origins has led to various outcomes of hybridization with the native MED lineage, going from MED resilience to total extirpation via full hybridization. We investigate patterns of offspring survival at egg stage in natural environments, based on parental genotypes in interaction with river temperature, to detect potential GxE interactions. Our results show a strong influence of maternal GxE interaction on embryonic survival, mediated by maternal effect through egg size, and a weak influence of paternal GxE interaction. In particular, when egg size is large and temperature is cold, the survival rate of offspring originating from MED females is three times higher than that of ATL females’ offspring. Because river temperatures show contrast at small scale, this cold adaptation for MED females’ offspring constitutes a potent postzygotic mechanism to explain small‐scale spatial heterogeneity in diversity observed in MED areas where ATL fish have been stocked. It also indicates that management efforts could be specifically targeted at the environments that actively favor native intraspecific diversity through eco‐evolutionary processes such as postzygotic selection.Dorinda Marie FolioJordi GilArnaud CaudronJacques LabonneWileyarticleembryonic survivalhybridizationintrogressionmaternal effectpostzygotic selectionreproductive isolationEvolutionQH359-425ENEvolutionary Applications, Vol 14, Iss 11, Pp 2698-2711 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	embryonic survival hybridization introgression maternal effect postzygotic selection reproductive isolation Evolution QH359-425
spellingShingle	embryonic survival hybridization introgression maternal effect postzygotic selection reproductive isolation Evolution QH359-425 Dorinda Marie Folio Jordi Gil Arnaud Caudron Jacques Labonne Genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone
description	Abstract Allopatric gene pools can evolve in different directions through adaptive and nonadaptive processes and are therefore a source of intraspecific diversity. The connection of these previously isolated gene pools through human intervention can lead to intraspecific diversity loss, through extirpation of native populations or hybridization. However, the mechanisms leading to these situations are not always explicitly documented and are thus rarely used to manage intraspecific diversity. In particular, genotype‐by‐environment (GxE) interactions can drive postzygotic reproductive isolation mechanisms that may result in a mosaic of diversity patterns, depending on the local environment. We test this hypothesis using a salmonid species (Salmo trutta) in the Mediterranean (MED) area, where intensive stocking from non‐native Atlantic (ATL) origins has led to various outcomes of hybridization with the native MED lineage, going from MED resilience to total extirpation via full hybridization. We investigate patterns of offspring survival at egg stage in natural environments, based on parental genotypes in interaction with river temperature, to detect potential GxE interactions. Our results show a strong influence of maternal GxE interaction on embryonic survival, mediated by maternal effect through egg size, and a weak influence of paternal GxE interaction. In particular, when egg size is large and temperature is cold, the survival rate of offspring originating from MED females is three times higher than that of ATL females’ offspring. Because river temperatures show contrast at small scale, this cold adaptation for MED females’ offspring constitutes a potent postzygotic mechanism to explain small‐scale spatial heterogeneity in diversity observed in MED areas where ATL fish have been stocked. It also indicates that management efforts could be specifically targeted at the environments that actively favor native intraspecific diversity through eco‐evolutionary processes such as postzygotic selection.
format	article
author	Dorinda Marie Folio Jordi Gil Arnaud Caudron Jacques Labonne
author_facet	Dorinda Marie Folio Jordi Gil Arnaud Caudron Jacques Labonne
author_sort	Dorinda Marie Folio
title	Genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone
title_short	Genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone
title_full	Genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone
title_fullStr	Genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone
title_full_unstemmed	Genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone
title_sort	genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a salmo trutta l. hybrid zone
publisher	Wiley
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9c302189311f47939a467aa92ec76a3b
work_keys_str_mv	AT dorindamariefolio genotypebyenvironmentinteractionsdrivethemaintenanceofgeneticvariationinasalmotruttalhybridzone AT jordigil genotypebyenvironmentinteractionsdrivethemaintenanceofgeneticvariationinasalmotruttalhybridzone AT arnaudcaudron genotypebyenvironmentinteractionsdrivethemaintenanceofgeneticvariationinasalmotruttalhybridzone AT jacqueslabonne genotypebyenvironmentinteractionsdrivethemaintenanceofgeneticvariationinasalmotruttalhybridzone
_version_	1718428511627116544

Genotype‐by‐environment interactions drive the maintenance of genetic variation in a Salmo trutta L. hybrid zone

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