A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context

Abstract The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted millions of people and the global economy. Tourism has been one the most affected economic sectors because of the mobility restrictions established by governments and uncoordinated actions from origin and destination regions. The coordination of re...

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Autores principales:	Manuel Chica, Juan M. Hernández, Jacques Bulchand-Gidumal
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9c3d713ec474439f9b257ddfc840a46a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9c3d713ec474439f9b257ddfc840a46a2021-12-02T13:20:13ZA collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context10.1038/s41598-021-84604-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9c3d713ec474439f9b257ddfc840a46a2021-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-84604-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted millions of people and the global economy. Tourism has been one the most affected economic sectors because of the mobility restrictions established by governments and uncoordinated actions from origin and destination regions. The coordination of restrictions and reopening policies could help control the spread of virus and enhance economies, but this is not an easy endeavor since touristic companies, citizens, and local governments have conflicting interests. We propose an evolutionary game model that reflects a collective risk dilemma behind these decisions. To this aim, we represent regions as players, organized in groups; and consider the perceived risk as a strict lock-down and null economic activity. The costs for regions when restricting their mobility are heterogeneous, given that the dependence on tourism of each region is diverse. Our analysis shows that, for both large populations and the EU NUTS2 case study, the existence of heterogeneous costs enhances global agreements. Furthermore, the decision on how to group regions to maximize the regions’ agreement of the population is a relevant issue for decision makers to consider. We find out that a layout of groups based on similar costs of cooperation boosts the regions’ agreements and avoid the risk of having a total lock-down and a negligible tourism activity. These findings can guide policy makers to facilitate agreements among regions to maximize the tourism recovery.Manuel ChicaJuan M. HernándezJacques Bulchand-GidumalNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Manuel Chica Juan M. Hernández Jacques Bulchand-Gidumal A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context
description	Abstract The current COVID-19 pandemic has impacted millions of people and the global economy. Tourism has been one the most affected economic sectors because of the mobility restrictions established by governments and uncoordinated actions from origin and destination regions. The coordination of restrictions and reopening policies could help control the spread of virus and enhance economies, but this is not an easy endeavor since touristic companies, citizens, and local governments have conflicting interests. We propose an evolutionary game model that reflects a collective risk dilemma behind these decisions. To this aim, we represent regions as players, organized in groups; and consider the perceived risk as a strict lock-down and null economic activity. The costs for regions when restricting their mobility are heterogeneous, given that the dependence on tourism of each region is diverse. Our analysis shows that, for both large populations and the EU NUTS2 case study, the existence of heterogeneous costs enhances global agreements. Furthermore, the decision on how to group regions to maximize the regions’ agreement of the population is a relevant issue for decision makers to consider. We find out that a layout of groups based on similar costs of cooperation boosts the regions’ agreements and avoid the risk of having a total lock-down and a negligible tourism activity. These findings can guide policy makers to facilitate agreements among regions to maximize the tourism recovery.
format	article
author	Manuel Chica Juan M. Hernández Jacques Bulchand-Gidumal
author_facet	Manuel Chica Juan M. Hernández Jacques Bulchand-Gidumal
author_sort	Manuel Chica
title	A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context
title_short	A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context
title_full	A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context
title_fullStr	A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context
title_full_unstemmed	A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context
title_sort	collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the covid-19 context
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9c3d713ec474439f9b257ddfc840a46a
work_keys_str_mv	AT manuelchica acollectiveriskdilemmafortourismrestrictionsunderthecovid19context AT juanmhernandez acollectiveriskdilemmafortourismrestrictionsunderthecovid19context AT jacquesbulchandgidumal acollectiveriskdilemmafortourismrestrictionsunderthecovid19context AT manuelchica collectiveriskdilemmafortourismrestrictionsunderthecovid19context AT juanmhernandez collectiveriskdilemmafortourismrestrictionsunderthecovid19context AT jacquesbulchandgidumal collectiveriskdilemmafortourismrestrictionsunderthecovid19context
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A collective risk dilemma for tourism restrictions under the COVID-19 context

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