Properties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.

The article describes DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's ('pure GA-sequences'). Although their frequency of incidence should be 10(-16) or smaller, the chromosomes of human, chimpanzee, dog, cat, rat, and mouse...

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Autor principal:	Guenter Albrecht-Buehler
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2008
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9c44b754b453487e8c4fe53d179d1196
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9c44b754b453487e8c4fe53d179d11962021-11-25T06:18:22ZProperties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0003818https://doaj.org/article/9c44b754b453487e8c4fe53d179d11962008-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/19043592/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203The article describes DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's ('pure GA-sequences'). Although their frequency of incidence should be 10(-16) or smaller, the chromosomes of human, chimpanzee, dog, cat, rat, and mouse contained many tens of thousands of them ubiquitously located along the chromosomes with a species-dependent density, reaching sizes of up to 1300 [b]. With the exception of a small number of poly-A-, poly-G-, poly-GA-, and poly-GAAA-sequences (combined <0.5%), all pure GA-sequences of the mammals tested were unique individuals, contained several repeated short GA-containing motifs, and shared a common hexa-nucleotide spectrum. At most 2% of the human GA-sequences were transcribed into mRNAs; all others were not coding for proteins. Although this could have made them less subject to natural selection, they contained many [corrected] times fewer point mutations than one should expect from the genome at large. As to the presence of other sequences with similarly restricted base contents, there were approximately as many pure TC-sequences as pure GA-sequences, but many fewer pure AC-, TA, and TG-sequences. There were practically no pure GC-sequences. The functions of pure GA-sequences are not known. Supported by a number of observations related to heat shock phenomena, the article speculates that they serve as genomic sign posts which may help guide polymerases and transcription factors to their proper targets, and/or as spatial linkers that help generate the 3-dimensional organization of chromatin.Guenter Albrecht-BuehlerPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 3, Iss 11, p e3818 (2008)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Guenter Albrecht-Buehler Properties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.
description	The article describes DNA sequences of mammalian genomes that are longer than 50 bases, but consist exclusively of G's and A's ('pure GA-sequences'). Although their frequency of incidence should be 10(-16) or smaller, the chromosomes of human, chimpanzee, dog, cat, rat, and mouse contained many tens of thousands of them ubiquitously located along the chromosomes with a species-dependent density, reaching sizes of up to 1300 [b]. With the exception of a small number of poly-A-, poly-G-, poly-GA-, and poly-GAAA-sequences (combined <0.5%), all pure GA-sequences of the mammals tested were unique individuals, contained several repeated short GA-containing motifs, and shared a common hexa-nucleotide spectrum. At most 2% of the human GA-sequences were transcribed into mRNAs; all others were not coding for proteins. Although this could have made them less subject to natural selection, they contained many [corrected] times fewer point mutations than one should expect from the genome at large. As to the presence of other sequences with similarly restricted base contents, there were approximately as many pure TC-sequences as pure GA-sequences, but many fewer pure AC-, TA, and TG-sequences. There were practically no pure GC-sequences. The functions of pure GA-sequences are not known. Supported by a number of observations related to heat shock phenomena, the article speculates that they serve as genomic sign posts which may help guide polymerases and transcription factors to their proper targets, and/or as spatial linkers that help generate the 3-dimensional organization of chromatin.
format	article
author	Guenter Albrecht-Buehler
author_facet	Guenter Albrecht-Buehler
author_sort	Guenter Albrecht-Buehler
title	Properties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.
title_short	Properties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.
title_full	Properties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.
title_fullStr	Properties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.
title_full_unstemmed	Properties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.
title_sort	properties and distribution of pure ga-sequences of mammalian genomes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2008
url	https://doaj.org/article/9c44b754b453487e8c4fe53d179d1196
work_keys_str_mv	AT guenteralbrechtbuehler propertiesanddistributionofpuregasequencesofmammaliangenomes
_version_	1718413940007895040

Properties and distribution of pure GA-sequences of mammalian genomes.

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