Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia

Abstract Natural salt lick (sira) is a strategic localisation for ecological wildlife assemblage to exhibit geophagy which may act as a population dynamic buffer of prey and predators. Undoubtedly, many agree that geophagy at natural licks is linked to nutritional ecology, health and assembly places...

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Autores principales:	Bryan Andrew Lazarus, Azlan Che-Amat, Muhammad Muzammil Abdul Halim Shah, Azwan Hamdan, Hasliza Abu Hassim, Farina Mustaffa Kamal, Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan, Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor, Noordin Mohamed Mustapha, Hafandi Ahmad
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9c457cc1d3274c138e335d48d6a3818a
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9c457cc1d3274c138e335d48d6a3818a2021-12-02T15:52:47ZImpact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia10.1038/s41598-021-89980-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9c457cc1d3274c138e335d48d6a3818a2021-05-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-89980-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Natural salt lick (sira) is a strategic localisation for ecological wildlife assemblage to exhibit geophagy which may act as a population dynamic buffer of prey and predators. Undoubtedly, many agree that geophagy at natural licks is linked to nutritional ecology, health and assembly places facilitating social interaction of its users. Overall, natural salt licks not only save energy of obtaining nutrient leading to health maintenance but also forms the basis of population persistence. The Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia (Royal Belum) is a typical tropical rainforest in Malaysia rich in wildlife which are mainly concentrated around the natural salt lick. Since this is one of the most stable fauna ecology forest in Malaysia, it is timely to assess its impact on the Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris) home range dynamics. The three-potential home ranges of the Malayan tiger in this rainforest were selected based on animal trails or foot prints surrounding the salt lick viz (e.g. Sira Kuak and Sira Batu; Sira Rambai and Sira Buluh and Sira Papan) as well as previous sightings of a Malayan tiger in the area, whose movement is dependent on the density and distribution of prey. Camera traps were placed at potential animal trails surrounding the salt lick to capture any encountered wildlife species within the area of the camera placements. Results showed that all home ranges of Malayan tiger were of no significance for large bodied prey availability such as sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), and smaller prey such as muntjacs (Muntiacus muntjac) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Interestingly, all home range harbour the Malayan tiger as the only sole predator. The non-significance of prey availability at each home range is attributed to the decline of the Malayan tiger in the rainforest since tigers are dependant on the movement of its preferred prey surrounding natural salt licks. Thus, the information from this study offers fundamental knowledge on the importance of prey-predator interaction at salt lick which will help in designing strategy in rewilding or rehabilitation programs of the Malayan tiger at the Royal Belum Rainforest.Bryan Andrew LazarusAzlan Che-AmatMuhammad Muzammil Abdul Halim ShahAzwan HamdanHasliza Abu HassimFarina Mustaffa KamalTengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku AzizanMohd Hezmee Mohd NoorNoordin Mohamed MustaphaHafandi AhmadNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Bryan Andrew Lazarus Azlan Che-Amat Muhammad Muzammil Abdul Halim Shah Azwan Hamdan Hasliza Abu Hassim Farina Mustaffa Kamal Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor Noordin Mohamed Mustapha Hafandi Ahmad Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia
description	Abstract Natural salt lick (sira) is a strategic localisation for ecological wildlife assemblage to exhibit geophagy which may act as a population dynamic buffer of prey and predators. Undoubtedly, many agree that geophagy at natural licks is linked to nutritional ecology, health and assembly places facilitating social interaction of its users. Overall, natural salt licks not only save energy of obtaining nutrient leading to health maintenance but also forms the basis of population persistence. The Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia (Royal Belum) is a typical tropical rainforest in Malaysia rich in wildlife which are mainly concentrated around the natural salt lick. Since this is one of the most stable fauna ecology forest in Malaysia, it is timely to assess its impact on the Malayan tiger (Panthera tigris) home range dynamics. The three-potential home ranges of the Malayan tiger in this rainforest were selected based on animal trails or foot prints surrounding the salt lick viz (e.g. Sira Kuak and Sira Batu; Sira Rambai and Sira Buluh and Sira Papan) as well as previous sightings of a Malayan tiger in the area, whose movement is dependent on the density and distribution of prey. Camera traps were placed at potential animal trails surrounding the salt lick to capture any encountered wildlife species within the area of the camera placements. Results showed that all home ranges of Malayan tiger were of no significance for large bodied prey availability such as sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), and smaller prey such as muntjacs (Muntiacus muntjac) and wild boar (Sus scrofa). Interestingly, all home range harbour the Malayan tiger as the only sole predator. The non-significance of prey availability at each home range is attributed to the decline of the Malayan tiger in the rainforest since tigers are dependant on the movement of its preferred prey surrounding natural salt licks. Thus, the information from this study offers fundamental knowledge on the importance of prey-predator interaction at salt lick which will help in designing strategy in rewilding or rehabilitation programs of the Malayan tiger at the Royal Belum Rainforest.
format	article
author	Bryan Andrew Lazarus Azlan Che-Amat Muhammad Muzammil Abdul Halim Shah Azwan Hamdan Hasliza Abu Hassim Farina Mustaffa Kamal Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor Noordin Mohamed Mustapha Hafandi Ahmad
author_facet	Bryan Andrew Lazarus Azlan Che-Amat Muhammad Muzammil Abdul Halim Shah Azwan Hamdan Hasliza Abu Hassim Farina Mustaffa Kamal Tengku Rinalfi Putra Tengku Azizan Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor Noordin Mohamed Mustapha Hafandi Ahmad
author_sort	Bryan Andrew Lazarus
title	Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia
title_short	Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia
title_full	Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia
title_fullStr	Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia
title_full_unstemmed	Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia
title_sort	impact of natural salt lick on the home range of panthera tigris at the royal belum rainforest, malaysia
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9c457cc1d3274c138e335d48d6a3818a
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Impact of natural salt lick on the home range of Panthera tigris at the Royal Belum Rainforest, Malaysia

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