Laboratory analysis of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with Citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms

Abstract The current study provides novel results on the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) of gold and palladium (Au–Pd) with an eco-friendly and non-toxic aqueous leaf extract of plant Citrus limon. The BNPs were characterized and toxicity bioassay was examined on the larvae of the patho...

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Autores principales:	Savy Panamkuttiyiel Minal, Soam Prakash
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9c6867ef756548a3ac61f57a55345072
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9c6867ef756548a3ac61f57a553450722021-12-02T16:18:05ZLaboratory analysis of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with Citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms10.1038/s41598-020-78662-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9c6867ef756548a3ac61f57a553450722020-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78662-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract The current study provides novel results on the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) of gold and palladium (Au–Pd) with an eco-friendly and non-toxic aqueous leaf extract of plant Citrus limon. The BNPs were characterized and toxicity bioassay was examined on the larvae of the pathogen vectors such as Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The predation efficiency test was evaluated on the invertebrate non-target organisms such as natural predatory nymphs of dragonfly and damselfly. The results of material characterization using UV VIS spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of Au–Pd BNPs with the appearance of the SPR bands. FT-IR spectroscopy indicates the presence of functional groups containing high amounts of nitro compounds and amines on the surface of BNPs. TEM result shows the presence of spherical polydisperse Au–Pd BNPs in the sample. The XRD pattern displayed the semi-crystalline nature and the changes in the hydrodynamic size and surface potential was determined for the sample at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of synthesis through DLS and ZP analysis. Au–Pd BNPs Bioassay provided the effective lethal concentrations (LC50) against the I–IV instar larvae of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure. The LC50 obtained from the larvicidal bioassay was used to test its effect on the predation efficiency of the selected nymphs which showed increased predation from 40 to 48 h of exposure as compared to the negative control. Hereby, we conclude that Au–Pd BNPs bioassay shows toxic mosquito larvicidal activity at the selected concentration with no lethal effect on the predation efficiency of the selected stage of the predatory non-target aquatic invertebrate insects.Savy Panamkuttiyiel MinalSoam PrakashNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-13 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Savy Panamkuttiyiel Minal Soam Prakash Laboratory analysis of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with Citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms
description	Abstract The current study provides novel results on the synthesis of bimetallic nanoparticles (BNPs) of gold and palladium (Au–Pd) with an eco-friendly and non-toxic aqueous leaf extract of plant Citrus limon. The BNPs were characterized and toxicity bioassay was examined on the larvae of the pathogen vectors such as Anopheles stephensi and Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. The predation efficiency test was evaluated on the invertebrate non-target organisms such as natural predatory nymphs of dragonfly and damselfly. The results of material characterization using UV VIS spectroscopy confirmed the synthesis of Au–Pd BNPs with the appearance of the SPR bands. FT-IR spectroscopy indicates the presence of functional groups containing high amounts of nitro compounds and amines on the surface of BNPs. TEM result shows the presence of spherical polydisperse Au–Pd BNPs in the sample. The XRD pattern displayed the semi-crystalline nature and the changes in the hydrodynamic size and surface potential was determined for the sample at 0 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of synthesis through DLS and ZP analysis. Au–Pd BNPs Bioassay provided the effective lethal concentrations (LC50) against the I–IV instar larvae of An. stephensi and Ae. aegypti after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h of exposure. The LC50 obtained from the larvicidal bioassay was used to test its effect on the predation efficiency of the selected nymphs which showed increased predation from 40 to 48 h of exposure as compared to the negative control. Hereby, we conclude that Au–Pd BNPs bioassay shows toxic mosquito larvicidal activity at the selected concentration with no lethal effect on the predation efficiency of the selected stage of the predatory non-target aquatic invertebrate insects.
format	article
author	Savy Panamkuttiyiel Minal Soam Prakash
author_facet	Savy Panamkuttiyiel Minal Soam Prakash
author_sort	Savy Panamkuttiyiel Minal
title	Laboratory analysis of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with Citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms
title_short	Laboratory analysis of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with Citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms
title_full	Laboratory analysis of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with Citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms
title_fullStr	Laboratory analysis of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with Citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms
title_full_unstemmed	Laboratory analysis of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with Citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms
title_sort	laboratory analysis of au–pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/9c6867ef756548a3ac61f57a55345072
work_keys_str_mv	AT savypanamkuttiyielminal laboratoryanalysisofaupdbimetallicnanoparticlessynthesizedwithcitruslimonleafextractanditsefficacyonmosquitolarvaeandnontargetorganisms AT soamprakash laboratoryanalysisofaupdbimetallicnanoparticlessynthesizedwithcitruslimonleafextractanditsefficacyonmosquitolarvaeandnontargetorganisms
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Laboratory analysis of Au–Pd bimetallic nanoparticles synthesized with Citrus limon leaf extract and its efficacy on mosquito larvae and non-target organisms

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