Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure

Background: Inflammatory activation and immune infiltration play important roles in the pathologic process of heart failure (HF). The current study is designed to investigate the immune infiltration and identify related biomarkers in heart failure patients due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Methods: Exp...

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Autores principales: Xing Liu, Shiyue Xu, Ying Li, Qian Chen, Yuanyuan Zhang, Long Peng
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Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
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Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/9c7c435012094a5390774b208eb4419f
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:9c7c435012094a5390774b208eb4419f2021-12-01T22:30:49ZIdentification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure2297-055X10.3389/fcvm.2021.774755https://doaj.org/article/9c7c435012094a5390774b208eb4419f2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.774755/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-055XBackground: Inflammatory activation and immune infiltration play important roles in the pathologic process of heart failure (HF). The current study is designed to investigate the immune infiltration and identify related biomarkers in heart failure patients due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Methods: Expression data of HF due to ischemic cardiomyopathy (CM) samples and non-heart failure (NF) samples were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CM and NF samples were identified. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to explore the landscape of immune infiltration. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to screen the most relevant module associated with immune infiltration. The diagnostic values of candidate genes were evaluated by receiver operating curves (ROC) curves. The mRNA levels of potential biomarkers in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 10 CM patients and 10 NF patients were analyzed to further assess their diagnostic values.Results: A total of 224 DEGs were identified between CM and NF samples in GSE5406, which are mainly enriched in the protein processing and extracellular matrix related biological processes and pathways. The result of ssGSEA showed that the abundance of dendritic cells (DC), mast cells, natural killer (NK) CD56dim cells, T cells, T follicular helper cells (Tfh), gammadelta T cells (Tgd) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells were significantly higher, while the infiltration of eosinophils and central memory T cells (Tcm) were lower in CM samples compared to NF ones. Correlation analysis revealed that Calumenin (CALU) and palladin (PALLD) were negatively correlated with the abundance of DC, NK CD56dim cells, T cells, Tfh, Tgd and Th2 cells, but positively correlated with the level of Tcm. More importantly, CALU and PALLD were significantly lower in PBMCs from CM patients compared to NF ones.Conclusion: Our study revealed that CALU and PALLD are potential biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Xing LiuShiyue XuYing LiQian ChenYuanyuan ZhangLong PengFrontiers Media S.A.articleheart failureischemic cardiomyopathyinflammatory activationbiomarkerdiagnosisDiseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) systemRC666-701ENFrontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol 8 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic heart failure
ischemic cardiomyopathy
inflammatory activation
biomarker
diagnosis
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system
RC666-701
spellingShingle heart failure
ischemic cardiomyopathy
inflammatory activation
biomarker
diagnosis
Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system
RC666-701
Xing Liu
Shiyue Xu
Ying Li
Qian Chen
Yuanyuan Zhang
Long Peng
Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure
description Background: Inflammatory activation and immune infiltration play important roles in the pathologic process of heart failure (HF). The current study is designed to investigate the immune infiltration and identify related biomarkers in heart failure patients due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Methods: Expression data of HF due to ischemic cardiomyopathy (CM) samples and non-heart failure (NF) samples were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CM and NF samples were identified. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to explore the landscape of immune infiltration. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to screen the most relevant module associated with immune infiltration. The diagnostic values of candidate genes were evaluated by receiver operating curves (ROC) curves. The mRNA levels of potential biomarkers in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 10 CM patients and 10 NF patients were analyzed to further assess their diagnostic values.Results: A total of 224 DEGs were identified between CM and NF samples in GSE5406, which are mainly enriched in the protein processing and extracellular matrix related biological processes and pathways. The result of ssGSEA showed that the abundance of dendritic cells (DC), mast cells, natural killer (NK) CD56dim cells, T cells, T follicular helper cells (Tfh), gammadelta T cells (Tgd) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells were significantly higher, while the infiltration of eosinophils and central memory T cells (Tcm) were lower in CM samples compared to NF ones. Correlation analysis revealed that Calumenin (CALU) and palladin (PALLD) were negatively correlated with the abundance of DC, NK CD56dim cells, T cells, Tfh, Tgd and Th2 cells, but positively correlated with the level of Tcm. More importantly, CALU and PALLD were significantly lower in PBMCs from CM patients compared to NF ones.Conclusion: Our study revealed that CALU and PALLD are potential biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.
format article
author Xing Liu
Shiyue Xu
Ying Li
Qian Chen
Yuanyuan Zhang
Long Peng
author_facet Xing Liu
Shiyue Xu
Ying Li
Qian Chen
Yuanyuan Zhang
Long Peng
author_sort Xing Liu
title Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure
title_short Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure
title_full Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure
title_fullStr Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure
title_full_unstemmed Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure
title_sort identification of calu and palld as potential biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in heart failure
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/9c7c435012094a5390774b208eb4419f
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