Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure
Background: Inflammatory activation and immune infiltration play important roles in the pathologic process of heart failure (HF). The current study is designed to investigate the immune infiltration and identify related biomarkers in heart failure patients due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Methods: Exp...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021
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oai:doaj.org-article:9c7c435012094a5390774b208eb4419f2021-12-01T22:30:49ZIdentification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure2297-055X10.3389/fcvm.2021.774755https://doaj.org/article/9c7c435012094a5390774b208eb4419f2021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcvm.2021.774755/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2297-055XBackground: Inflammatory activation and immune infiltration play important roles in the pathologic process of heart failure (HF). The current study is designed to investigate the immune infiltration and identify related biomarkers in heart failure patients due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Methods: Expression data of HF due to ischemic cardiomyopathy (CM) samples and non-heart failure (NF) samples were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CM and NF samples were identified. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to explore the landscape of immune infiltration. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to screen the most relevant module associated with immune infiltration. The diagnostic values of candidate genes were evaluated by receiver operating curves (ROC) curves. The mRNA levels of potential biomarkers in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 10 CM patients and 10 NF patients were analyzed to further assess their diagnostic values.Results: A total of 224 DEGs were identified between CM and NF samples in GSE5406, which are mainly enriched in the protein processing and extracellular matrix related biological processes and pathways. The result of ssGSEA showed that the abundance of dendritic cells (DC), mast cells, natural killer (NK) CD56dim cells, T cells, T follicular helper cells (Tfh), gammadelta T cells (Tgd) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells were significantly higher, while the infiltration of eosinophils and central memory T cells (Tcm) were lower in CM samples compared to NF ones. Correlation analysis revealed that Calumenin (CALU) and palladin (PALLD) were negatively correlated with the abundance of DC, NK CD56dim cells, T cells, Tfh, Tgd and Th2 cells, but positively correlated with the level of Tcm. More importantly, CALU and PALLD were significantly lower in PBMCs from CM patients compared to NF ones.Conclusion: Our study revealed that CALU and PALLD are potential biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Xing LiuShiyue XuYing LiQian ChenYuanyuan ZhangLong PengFrontiers Media S.A.articleheart failureischemic cardiomyopathyinflammatory activationbiomarkerdiagnosisDiseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) systemRC666-701ENFrontiers in Cardiovascular Medicine, Vol 8 (2021) |
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heart failure ischemic cardiomyopathy inflammatory activation biomarker diagnosis Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system RC666-701 |
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heart failure ischemic cardiomyopathy inflammatory activation biomarker diagnosis Diseases of the circulatory (Cardiovascular) system RC666-701 Xing Liu Shiyue Xu Ying Li Qian Chen Yuanyuan Zhang Long Peng Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure |
description |
Background: Inflammatory activation and immune infiltration play important roles in the pathologic process of heart failure (HF). The current study is designed to investigate the immune infiltration and identify related biomarkers in heart failure patients due to ischemic cardiomyopathy.Methods: Expression data of HF due to ischemic cardiomyopathy (CM) samples and non-heart failure (NF) samples were downloaded from gene expression omnibus (GEO) database. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between CM and NF samples were identified. Single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) was performed to explore the landscape of immune infiltration. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to screen the most relevant module associated with immune infiltration. The diagnostic values of candidate genes were evaluated by receiver operating curves (ROC) curves. The mRNA levels of potential biomarkers in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) isolated from 10 CM patients and 10 NF patients were analyzed to further assess their diagnostic values.Results: A total of 224 DEGs were identified between CM and NF samples in GSE5406, which are mainly enriched in the protein processing and extracellular matrix related biological processes and pathways. The result of ssGSEA showed that the abundance of dendritic cells (DC), mast cells, natural killer (NK) CD56dim cells, T cells, T follicular helper cells (Tfh), gammadelta T cells (Tgd) and T helper 2 (Th2) cells were significantly higher, while the infiltration of eosinophils and central memory T cells (Tcm) were lower in CM samples compared to NF ones. Correlation analysis revealed that Calumenin (CALU) and palladin (PALLD) were negatively correlated with the abundance of DC, NK CD56dim cells, T cells, Tfh, Tgd and Th2 cells, but positively correlated with the level of Tcm. More importantly, CALU and PALLD were significantly lower in PBMCs from CM patients compared to NF ones.Conclusion: Our study revealed that CALU and PALLD are potential biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in heart failure due to ischemic cardiomyopathy. |
format |
article |
author |
Xing Liu Shiyue Xu Ying Li Qian Chen Yuanyuan Zhang Long Peng |
author_facet |
Xing Liu Shiyue Xu Ying Li Qian Chen Yuanyuan Zhang Long Peng |
author_sort |
Xing Liu |
title |
Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure |
title_short |
Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure |
title_full |
Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure |
title_fullStr |
Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure |
title_full_unstemmed |
Identification of CALU and PALLD as Potential Biomarkers Associated With Immune Infiltration in Heart Failure |
title_sort |
identification of calu and palld as potential biomarkers associated with immune infiltration in heart failure |
publisher |
Frontiers Media S.A. |
publishDate |
2021 |
url |
https://doaj.org/article/9c7c435012094a5390774b208eb4419f |
work_keys_str_mv |
AT xingliu identificationofcaluandpalldaspotentialbiomarkersassociatedwithimmuneinfiltrationinheartfailure AT shiyuexu identificationofcaluandpalldaspotentialbiomarkersassociatedwithimmuneinfiltrationinheartfailure AT yingli identificationofcaluandpalldaspotentialbiomarkersassociatedwithimmuneinfiltrationinheartfailure AT qianchen identificationofcaluandpalldaspotentialbiomarkersassociatedwithimmuneinfiltrationinheartfailure AT yuanyuanzhang identificationofcaluandpalldaspotentialbiomarkersassociatedwithimmuneinfiltrationinheartfailure AT longpeng identificationofcaluandpalldaspotentialbiomarkersassociatedwithimmuneinfiltrationinheartfailure |
_version_ |
1718404117081096192 |