Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies

Abstract Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the world, but how this diversity was achieved is still a disputable and unsatisfactorily resolved issue. In this paper, we investigated the correlations of habitat preferences and morphological traits in larval Panorpidae in the phylogenet...

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Autores principales:	Lu Jiang, Yuan Hua, Gui-Lin Hu, Bao-Zhen Hua
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2019
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9cbbcf80295744fd8988cddf94a07cfa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9cbbcf80295744fd8988cddf94a07cfa2021-12-02T15:07:55ZHabitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies10.1038/s41598-019-49211-z2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9cbbcf80295744fd8988cddf94a07cfa2019-09-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49211-zhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the world, but how this diversity was achieved is still a disputable and unsatisfactorily resolved issue. In this paper, we investigated the correlations of habitat preferences and morphological traits in larval Panorpidae in the phylogenetic context to unravel the driving forces underlying the evolution of morphological traits. The results show that most anatomical features are shared by monophyletic groups and are synapomorphies. However, the phenotypes of body colorations are shared by paraphyletic assemblages, implying that they are adaptive characters. The larvae of Dicerapanorpa and Cerapanorpa are epedaphic and are darkish dorsally as camouflage, and possess well-developed locomotory appendages as adaptations likely to avoid potential predators. On the contrary, the larvae of Neopanorpa are euedaphic and are pale on their trunks, with shallow furrows, reduced antennae, shortened setae, flattened compound eyes on the head capsules, and short dorsal processes on the trunk. All these characters appear to be adaptations for the larvae to inhabit the soil. We suggest that habitat divergence has driven the morphological diversity between the epedaphic and euedaphic larvae, and may be partly responsible for the divergence of major clades within the Panorpidae.Lu JiangYuan HuaGui-Lin HuBao-Zhen HuaNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 9, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2019)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Lu Jiang Yuan Hua Gui-Lin Hu Bao-Zhen Hua Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies
description	Abstract Insects are the most diverse group of organisms in the world, but how this diversity was achieved is still a disputable and unsatisfactorily resolved issue. In this paper, we investigated the correlations of habitat preferences and morphological traits in larval Panorpidae in the phylogenetic context to unravel the driving forces underlying the evolution of morphological traits. The results show that most anatomical features are shared by monophyletic groups and are synapomorphies. However, the phenotypes of body colorations are shared by paraphyletic assemblages, implying that they are adaptive characters. The larvae of Dicerapanorpa and Cerapanorpa are epedaphic and are darkish dorsally as camouflage, and possess well-developed locomotory appendages as adaptations likely to avoid potential predators. On the contrary, the larvae of Neopanorpa are euedaphic and are pale on their trunks, with shallow furrows, reduced antennae, shortened setae, flattened compound eyes on the head capsules, and short dorsal processes on the trunk. All these characters appear to be adaptations for the larvae to inhabit the soil. We suggest that habitat divergence has driven the morphological diversity between the epedaphic and euedaphic larvae, and may be partly responsible for the divergence of major clades within the Panorpidae.
format	article
author	Lu Jiang Yuan Hua Gui-Lin Hu Bao-Zhen Hua
author_facet	Lu Jiang Yuan Hua Gui-Lin Hu Bao-Zhen Hua
author_sort	Lu Jiang
title	Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies
title_short	Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies
title_full	Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies
title_fullStr	Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies
title_full_unstemmed	Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies
title_sort	habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2019
url	https://doaj.org/article/9cbbcf80295744fd8988cddf94a07cfa
work_keys_str_mv	AT lujiang habitatdivergenceshapesthemorphologicaldiversityoflarvalinsectsinsightsfromscorpionflies AT yuanhua habitatdivergenceshapesthemorphologicaldiversityoflarvalinsectsinsightsfromscorpionflies AT guilinhu habitatdivergenceshapesthemorphologicaldiversityoflarvalinsectsinsightsfromscorpionflies AT baozhenhua habitatdivergenceshapesthemorphologicaldiversityoflarvalinsectsinsightsfromscorpionflies
_version_	1718388334646001664

Habitat divergence shapes the morphological diversity of larval insects: insights from scorpionflies

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