Trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by PAR2 activation in keratinocytes.

Previously we have shown that trypsin, a protein typically involved in digestion, is released from gills of both fresh and saltwater fishes into surrounding water under stress or injury. We have also shown that each species produces trypsin with different specific activities. In this report, using z...

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Autores principales:	Abdullah Alsrhani, Revathi Raman, Pudur Jagadeeswaran
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9ce40942bc27466594acba483465c83f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9ce40942bc27466594acba483465c83f2021-12-02T20:17:09ZTrypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by PAR2 activation in keratinocytes.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0257774https://doaj.org/article/9ce40942bc27466594acba483465c83f2021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257774https://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203Previously we have shown that trypsin, a protein typically involved in digestion, is released from gills of both fresh and saltwater fishes into surrounding water under stress or injury. We have also shown that each species produces trypsin with different specific activities. In this report, using zebrafish as a model, we identified that trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish larvae and adult zebrafish. Since Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) responds to trypsin, we tested whether the aversive response is dependent on the activation of PAR2 located on the zebrafish skin cells. Zebrafish larvae treated separately with neomycin and zinc sulfate also showed aversive response indicating neuromast, and olfactory cells are not involved in this aversion. Cultured keratinocytes from zebrafish showed a response to trypsin. Zebrafish larvae subjected to knockdown of par2a also exhibited reduced escape response. Similarly, par2a-deficient mutant larvae displayed no response to trypsin. Since it has been shown that stress activates PAR2 and sends signals to the brain as shown by the increased c-fos expression, we tested c-fos expression in adult zebrafish brains after trypsin treatment of adults and found enhanced c-fos expression by qRT-PCR. Taken together, our results show that the trypsin activates PAR2 on keratinocytes signaling the brain, and this pathway of trypsin-induced escape response will provide a unique communication mechanism in zebrafish. Furthermore, since PAR2 activation also occurs in pain/pruritus sensing, this model might be useful in elucidating components of signaling pathways in pain/pruritus.Abdullah AlsrhaniRevathi RamanPudur JagadeeswaranPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 16, Iss 10, p e0257774 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Abdullah Alsrhani Revathi Raman Pudur Jagadeeswaran Trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by PAR2 activation in keratinocytes.
description	Previously we have shown that trypsin, a protein typically involved in digestion, is released from gills of both fresh and saltwater fishes into surrounding water under stress or injury. We have also shown that each species produces trypsin with different specific activities. In this report, using zebrafish as a model, we identified that trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish larvae and adult zebrafish. Since Protease-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) responds to trypsin, we tested whether the aversive response is dependent on the activation of PAR2 located on the zebrafish skin cells. Zebrafish larvae treated separately with neomycin and zinc sulfate also showed aversive response indicating neuromast, and olfactory cells are not involved in this aversion. Cultured keratinocytes from zebrafish showed a response to trypsin. Zebrafish larvae subjected to knockdown of par2a also exhibited reduced escape response. Similarly, par2a-deficient mutant larvae displayed no response to trypsin. Since it has been shown that stress activates PAR2 and sends signals to the brain as shown by the increased c-fos expression, we tested c-fos expression in adult zebrafish brains after trypsin treatment of adults and found enhanced c-fos expression by qRT-PCR. Taken together, our results show that the trypsin activates PAR2 on keratinocytes signaling the brain, and this pathway of trypsin-induced escape response will provide a unique communication mechanism in zebrafish. Furthermore, since PAR2 activation also occurs in pain/pruritus sensing, this model might be useful in elucidating components of signaling pathways in pain/pruritus.
format	article
author	Abdullah Alsrhani Revathi Raman Pudur Jagadeeswaran
author_facet	Abdullah Alsrhani Revathi Raman Pudur Jagadeeswaran
author_sort	Abdullah Alsrhani
title	Trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by PAR2 activation in keratinocytes.
title_short	Trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by PAR2 activation in keratinocytes.
title_full	Trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by PAR2 activation in keratinocytes.
title_fullStr	Trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by PAR2 activation in keratinocytes.
title_full_unstemmed	Trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by PAR2 activation in keratinocytes.
title_sort	trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by par2 activation in keratinocytes.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9ce40942bc27466594acba483465c83f
work_keys_str_mv	AT abdullahalsrhani trypsininducesanaversiveresponseinzebrafishbypar2activationinkeratinocytes AT revathiraman trypsininducesanaversiveresponseinzebrafishbypar2activationinkeratinocytes AT pudurjagadeeswaran trypsininducesanaversiveresponseinzebrafishbypar2activationinkeratinocytes
_version_	1718374421088960512

Trypsin induces an aversive response in zebrafish by PAR2 activation in keratinocytes.

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