Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.

During 2019-2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health investigated potential animal reservoirs of Leptospira spp., the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Leptospira spp. exposure and carriage in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Her...

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Autores principales:	Hannah M Cranford, A Springer Browne, Karen LeCount, Tammy Anderson, Camila Hamond, Linda Schlater, Tod Stuber, Valicia J Burke-France, Marissa Taylor, Cosme J Harrison, Katia Y Matias, Alexandra Medley, John Rossow, Nicholas Wiese, Leanne Jankelunas, Leah de Wilde, Michelle Mehalick, Gerard L Blanchard, Keith R Garcia, Alan S McKinley, Claudia D Lombard, Nicole F Angeli, David Horner, Thomas Kelley, David J Worthington, Jennifer Valiulis, Bethany Bradford, Are Berentsen, Johanna S Salzer, Renee Galloway, Ilana J Schafer, Kristine Bisgard, Joseph Roth, Brett R Ellis, Esther M Ellis, Jarlath E Nally
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2021
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9cf09157d9004ee8a4cca568354d0b37
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9cf09157d9004ee8a4cca568354d0b372021-12-02T20:23:58ZMongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0009859https://doaj.org/article/9cf09157d9004ee8a4cca568354d0b372021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0009859https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735During 2019-2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health investigated potential animal reservoirs of Leptospira spp., the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Leptospira spp. exposure and carriage in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Herpestes auropunctatus), an invasive animal species. This study was conducted across the three main islands of the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), which are St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. We used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fluorescent antibody test (FAT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipl32 rt-PCR), and bacterial culture to evaluate serum and kidney specimens and compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of these laboratory methods. Mongooses (n = 274) were live-trapped at 31 field sites in ten regions across USVI and humanely euthanized for Leptospira spp. testing. Bacterial isolates were sequenced and evaluated for species and phylogenetic analysis using the ppk gene. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 34% (87/256) of mongooses. Reactions were observed with the following serogroups: Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pyrogenes, Mini, Cynopteri, Australis, Hebdomadis, Autumnalis, Mankarso, Pomona, and Ballum. Of the kidney specimens examined, 5.8% (16/270) were FAT-positive, 10% (27/274) were culture-positive, and 12.4% (34/274) were positive by rt-PCR. Of the Leptospira spp. isolated from mongooses, 25 were L. borgpetersenii, one was L. interrogans, and one was L. kirschneri. Positive predictive values of FAT and rt-PCR testing for predicting successful isolation of Leptospira by culture were 88% and 65%, respectively. The isolation and identification of Leptospira spp. in mongooses highlights the potential role of mongooses as a wildlife reservoir of leptospirosis; mongooses could be a source of Leptospira spp. infections for other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.Hannah M CranfordA Springer BrowneKaren LeCountTammy AndersonCamila HamondLinda SchlaterTod StuberValicia J Burke-FranceMarissa TaylorCosme J HarrisonKatia Y MatiasAlexandra MedleyJohn RossowNicholas WieseLeanne JankelunasLeah de WildeMichelle MehalickGerard L BlanchardKeith R GarciaAlan S McKinleyClaudia D LombardNicole F AngeliDavid HornerThomas KelleyDavid J WorthingtonJennifer ValiulisBethany BradfordAre BerentsenJohanna S SalzerRenee GallowayIlana J SchaferKristine BisgardJoseph RothBrett R EllisEsther M EllisJarlath E NallyPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 15, Iss 11, p e0009859 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Hannah M Cranford A Springer Browne Karen LeCount Tammy Anderson Camila Hamond Linda Schlater Tod Stuber Valicia J Burke-France Marissa Taylor Cosme J Harrison Katia Y Matias Alexandra Medley John Rossow Nicholas Wiese Leanne Jankelunas Leah de Wilde Michelle Mehalick Gerard L Blanchard Keith R Garcia Alan S McKinley Claudia D Lombard Nicole F Angeli David Horner Thomas Kelley David J Worthington Jennifer Valiulis Bethany Bradford Are Berentsen Johanna S Salzer Renee Galloway Ilana J Schafer Kristine Bisgard Joseph Roth Brett R Ellis Esther M Ellis Jarlath E Nally Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.
description	During 2019-2020, the Virgin Islands Department of Health investigated potential animal reservoirs of Leptospira spp., the bacteria that cause leptospirosis. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated Leptospira spp. exposure and carriage in the small Indian mongoose (Urva auropunctata, syn: Herpestes auropunctatus), an invasive animal species. This study was conducted across the three main islands of the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI), which are St. Croix, St. Thomas, and St. John. We used the microscopic agglutination test (MAT), fluorescent antibody test (FAT), real-time polymerase chain reaction (lipl32 rt-PCR), and bacterial culture to evaluate serum and kidney specimens and compared the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of these laboratory methods. Mongooses (n = 274) were live-trapped at 31 field sites in ten regions across USVI and humanely euthanized for Leptospira spp. testing. Bacterial isolates were sequenced and evaluated for species and phylogenetic analysis using the ppk gene. Anti-Leptospira spp. antibodies were detected in 34% (87/256) of mongooses. Reactions were observed with the following serogroups: Sejroe, Icterohaemorrhagiae, Pyrogenes, Mini, Cynopteri, Australis, Hebdomadis, Autumnalis, Mankarso, Pomona, and Ballum. Of the kidney specimens examined, 5.8% (16/270) were FAT-positive, 10% (27/274) were culture-positive, and 12.4% (34/274) were positive by rt-PCR. Of the Leptospira spp. isolated from mongooses, 25 were L. borgpetersenii, one was L. interrogans, and one was L. kirschneri. Positive predictive values of FAT and rt-PCR testing for predicting successful isolation of Leptospira by culture were 88% and 65%, respectively. The isolation and identification of Leptospira spp. in mongooses highlights the potential role of mongooses as a wildlife reservoir of leptospirosis; mongooses could be a source of Leptospira spp. infections for other wildlife, domestic animals, and humans.
format	article
author	Hannah M Cranford A Springer Browne Karen LeCount Tammy Anderson Camila Hamond Linda Schlater Tod Stuber Valicia J Burke-France Marissa Taylor Cosme J Harrison Katia Y Matias Alexandra Medley John Rossow Nicholas Wiese Leanne Jankelunas Leah de Wilde Michelle Mehalick Gerard L Blanchard Keith R Garcia Alan S McKinley Claudia D Lombard Nicole F Angeli David Horner Thomas Kelley David J Worthington Jennifer Valiulis Bethany Bradford Are Berentsen Johanna S Salzer Renee Galloway Ilana J Schafer Kristine Bisgard Joseph Roth Brett R Ellis Esther M Ellis Jarlath E Nally
author_facet	Hannah M Cranford A Springer Browne Karen LeCount Tammy Anderson Camila Hamond Linda Schlater Tod Stuber Valicia J Burke-France Marissa Taylor Cosme J Harrison Katia Y Matias Alexandra Medley John Rossow Nicholas Wiese Leanne Jankelunas Leah de Wilde Michelle Mehalick Gerard L Blanchard Keith R Garcia Alan S McKinley Claudia D Lombard Nicole F Angeli David Horner Thomas Kelley David J Worthington Jennifer Valiulis Bethany Bradford Are Berentsen Johanna S Salzer Renee Galloway Ilana J Schafer Kristine Bisgard Joseph Roth Brett R Ellis Esther M Ellis Jarlath E Nally
author_sort	Hannah M Cranford
title	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.
title_short	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.
title_full	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.
title_fullStr	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.
title_full_unstemmed	Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.
title_sort	mongooses (urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of leptospira species in the united states virgin islands, 2019-2020.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9cf09157d9004ee8a4cca568354d0b37
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Mongooses (Urva auropunctata) as reservoir hosts of Leptospira species in the United States Virgin Islands, 2019-2020.

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