Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019

Abstract As the Gulf Stream separates from the coast, it sheds both Warm and Cold Core Rings between $$75^\circ$$ 75 ∘ and $$55^\circ \,\hbox {W}$$ 55 ∘ W . We present evidence that this ring formation behavior has been asymmetric over both interannual and seasonal time-scales. After a previously re...

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Autores principales:	Adrienne Silver, Avijit Gangopadhyay, Glen Gawarkiewicz, E. Nishchitha S. Silva, Jenifer Clark
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9d0f382a60ce4cb99b63c923ab345361
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9d0f382a60ce4cb99b63c923ab3453612021-12-02T14:16:07ZInterannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 201910.1038/s41598-021-81827-y2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9d0f382a60ce4cb99b63c923ab3453612021-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81827-yhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract As the Gulf Stream separates from the coast, it sheds both Warm and Cold Core Rings between $$75^\circ$$ 75 ∘ and $$55^\circ \,\hbox {W}$$ 55 ∘ W . We present evidence that this ring formation behavior has been asymmetric over both interannual and seasonal time-scales. After a previously reported regime-shift in 2000, 15 more Warm Core Rings have been forming yearly compared to 1980–1999. In contrast, there have been no changes in the annual formation rate of the Cold Core Rings. This increase in Warm Core Ring production leads to an excess heat transfer of 0.10 PW to the Slope Sea, amounting to 7.7–12.4% of the total Gulf Stream heat transport, or 5.4–7.3% of the global oceanic heat budget at $$30^\circ \,\hbox {N}$$ 30 ∘ N . Seasonally, more Cold Core Rings are produced in the winter and spring and more Warm Core Rings are produced in the summer and fall leading to more summertime heat transfer to the north of the Stream. The seasonal cycle of relative ring formation numbers is strongly correlated (r = 0.82) with that of the difference in upper layer temperatures between the Sargasso and Slope seas. This quantification motivates future efforts to understand the recent increasing influence of the Gulf Stream on the circulation and ecosystem in the western North Atlantic.Adrienne SilverAvijit GangopadhyayGlen GawarkiewiczE. Nishchitha S. SilvaJenifer ClarkNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-7 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Adrienne Silver Avijit Gangopadhyay Glen Gawarkiewicz E. Nishchitha S. Silva Jenifer Clark Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019
description	Abstract As the Gulf Stream separates from the coast, it sheds both Warm and Cold Core Rings between $$75^\circ$$ 75 ∘ and $$55^\circ \,\hbox {W}$$ 55 ∘ W . We present evidence that this ring formation behavior has been asymmetric over both interannual and seasonal time-scales. After a previously reported regime-shift in 2000, 15 more Warm Core Rings have been forming yearly compared to 1980–1999. In contrast, there have been no changes in the annual formation rate of the Cold Core Rings. This increase in Warm Core Ring production leads to an excess heat transfer of 0.10 PW to the Slope Sea, amounting to 7.7–12.4% of the total Gulf Stream heat transport, or 5.4–7.3% of the global oceanic heat budget at $$30^\circ \,\hbox {N}$$ 30 ∘ N . Seasonally, more Cold Core Rings are produced in the winter and spring and more Warm Core Rings are produced in the summer and fall leading to more summertime heat transfer to the north of the Stream. The seasonal cycle of relative ring formation numbers is strongly correlated (r = 0.82) with that of the difference in upper layer temperatures between the Sargasso and Slope seas. This quantification motivates future efforts to understand the recent increasing influence of the Gulf Stream on the circulation and ecosystem in the western North Atlantic.
format	article
author	Adrienne Silver Avijit Gangopadhyay Glen Gawarkiewicz E. Nishchitha S. Silva Jenifer Clark
author_facet	Adrienne Silver Avijit Gangopadhyay Glen Gawarkiewicz E. Nishchitha S. Silva Jenifer Clark
author_sort	Adrienne Silver
title	Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019
title_short	Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019
title_full	Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019
title_fullStr	Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019
title_full_unstemmed	Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019
title_sort	interannual and seasonal asymmetries in gulf stream ring formations from 1980 to 2019
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9d0f382a60ce4cb99b63c923ab345361
work_keys_str_mv	AT adriennesilver interannualandseasonalasymmetriesingulfstreamringformationsfrom1980to2019 AT avijitgangopadhyay interannualandseasonalasymmetriesingulfstreamringformationsfrom1980to2019 AT glengawarkiewicz interannualandseasonalasymmetriesingulfstreamringformationsfrom1980to2019 AT enishchithassilva interannualandseasonalasymmetriesingulfstreamringformationsfrom1980to2019 AT jeniferclark interannualandseasonalasymmetriesingulfstreamringformationsfrom1980to2019
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Interannual and seasonal asymmetries in Gulf Stream Ring Formations from 1980 to 2019

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