Are all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure

Background: Neurodevelopmental studies of childhood adversity often define threatening experiences as those involving harm or the threat of harm. Whether effects differ between experiences involving harm (“physical attack”) versus the threat of harm alone (“threatened violence”) remains underexplore...

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Autores principales:	Scott W. Delaney, Andrea P. Cortes Hidalgo, Tonya White, Sebastien Haneuse, Kerry J. Ressler, Henning Tiemeier, Laura D. Kubzansky
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Elsevier 2021
Materias:	Child development Social environment Adverse childhood experiences Exposure to violence Gray matter Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9d19a94f6d5842c7a44d593263f7dcb7
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9d19a94f6d5842c7a44d593263f7dcb72021-11-18T04:46:25ZAre all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure1878-929310.1016/j.dcn.2021.101033https://doaj.org/article/9d19a94f6d5842c7a44d593263f7dcb72021-12-01T00:00:00Zhttp://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1878929321001225https://doaj.org/toc/1878-9293Background: Neurodevelopmental studies of childhood adversity often define threatening experiences as those involving harm or the threat of harm. Whether effects differ between experiences involving harm (“physical attack”) versus the threat of harm alone (“threatened violence”) remains underexplored. We hypothesized that while both types of experiences would be associated with smaller preadolescent global and corticolimbic brain volumes, associations with physical attack would be greater. Methods: Generation R Study researchers (the Netherlands) acquired T1-weighted scans from 2905 preadolescent children, computed brain volumes using FreeSurfer, and asked mothers whether their children ever experienced physical attack (n = 202) or threatened violence (n = 335). Using standardized global (cortical, subcortical, white matter) and corticolimbic (amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex) volumes, we fit confounder-adjusted models. Results: Physical attack was associated with smaller global volumes (βcortical=−0.14; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.02); βwhite matter= −0.16; 95% CI: − 0.28, − 0.03) and possibly some corticolimbic volumes, e.g., βamygdala/ICV-adjusted= −0.10 (95% CI: −0.21, 0.01). We found no evidence of associations between threatened violence and smaller volumes in any outcome; instead, such estimates were small, highly uncertain, and positive in direction. Conclusions: Experiences of physical attack and threatened violence may have quantitively different neurodevelopmental effects. Thus, differences between types of threatening experiences may be neurodevelopmentally salient.Scott W. DelaneyAndrea P. Cortes HidalgoTonya WhiteSebastien HaneuseKerry J. ResslerHenning TiemeierLaura D. KubzanskyElsevierarticleChild developmentSocial environmentAdverse childhood experiencesExposure to violenceGray matterNeurophysiology and neuropsychologyQP351-495ENDevelopmental Cognitive Neuroscience, Vol 52, Iss , Pp 101033- (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Child development Social environment Adverse childhood experiences Exposure to violence Gray matter Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495
spellingShingle	Child development Social environment Adverse childhood experiences Exposure to violence Gray matter Neurophysiology and neuropsychology QP351-495 Scott W. Delaney Andrea P. Cortes Hidalgo Tonya White Sebastien Haneuse Kerry J. Ressler Henning Tiemeier Laura D. Kubzansky Are all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure
description	Background: Neurodevelopmental studies of childhood adversity often define threatening experiences as those involving harm or the threat of harm. Whether effects differ between experiences involving harm (“physical attack”) versus the threat of harm alone (“threatened violence”) remains underexplored. We hypothesized that while both types of experiences would be associated with smaller preadolescent global and corticolimbic brain volumes, associations with physical attack would be greater. Methods: Generation R Study researchers (the Netherlands) acquired T1-weighted scans from 2905 preadolescent children, computed brain volumes using FreeSurfer, and asked mothers whether their children ever experienced physical attack (n = 202) or threatened violence (n = 335). Using standardized global (cortical, subcortical, white matter) and corticolimbic (amygdala, hippocampus, anterior cingulate cortex, orbitofrontal cortex) volumes, we fit confounder-adjusted models. Results: Physical attack was associated with smaller global volumes (βcortical=−0.14; 95% CI: −0.26, −0.02); βwhite matter= −0.16; 95% CI: − 0.28, − 0.03) and possibly some corticolimbic volumes, e.g., βamygdala/ICV-adjusted= −0.10 (95% CI: −0.21, 0.01). We found no evidence of associations between threatened violence and smaller volumes in any outcome; instead, such estimates were small, highly uncertain, and positive in direction. Conclusions: Experiences of physical attack and threatened violence may have quantitively different neurodevelopmental effects. Thus, differences between types of threatening experiences may be neurodevelopmentally salient.
format	article
author	Scott W. Delaney Andrea P. Cortes Hidalgo Tonya White Sebastien Haneuse Kerry J. Ressler Henning Tiemeier Laura D. Kubzansky
author_facet	Scott W. Delaney Andrea P. Cortes Hidalgo Tonya White Sebastien Haneuse Kerry J. Ressler Henning Tiemeier Laura D. Kubzansky
author_sort	Scott W. Delaney
title	Are all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure
title_short	Are all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure
title_full	Are all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure
title_fullStr	Are all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure
title_full_unstemmed	Are all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure
title_sort	are all threats equal? associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure
publisher	Elsevier
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9d19a94f6d5842c7a44d593263f7dcb7
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Are all threats equal? Associations of childhood exposure to physical attack versus threatened violence with preadolescent brain structure

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