Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care

Introduction: Patients with chronic diseases can experience psychological conditions, including anxiety and depression. However, the association between chronic diseases and these psychological conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the relationship between anxiety, depression, and...

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Autores principales:	Leena R. Baghdadi, Mohammed Khalid Alhassan, Fawaz Hindi Alotaibi, Khalid Badr AlSelaim, Abdulrahman Abdulkhaliq Alzahrani, Faisal Fahad AlMusaeed
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	SAGE Publishing 2021
Materias:	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9d1a9dda3abc41b5bcde493e1f6c5e96
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9d1a9dda3abc41b5bcde493e1f6c5e962021-12-01T23:04:15ZAnxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care2150-132710.1177/21501327211054987https://doaj.org/article/9d1a9dda3abc41b5bcde493e1f6c5e962021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1177/21501327211054987https://doaj.org/toc/2150-1327Introduction: Patients with chronic diseases can experience psychological conditions, including anxiety and depression. However, the association between chronic diseases and these psychological conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the relationship between anxiety, depression, and common chronic diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and rheumatoid arthritis), and their association with social determinants at an outpatient primary care setting. Methods: The validated hospital anxiety and depression scale was administered electronically to eligible participants. For each condition (anxiety and depression), participants were categorized as normal, borderline abnormal, and abnormal, according to their score out of 21 (≤7 = normal, 8-10 = borderline abnormal, ≥11 = abnormal). The scores and numbers of participants in each category were analyzed and compared with their demographic characteristics and chronic diseases for associations and relationships. Results: We recruited 271 participants (mean age of 51.65 + 11.71 years) attending primary care clinics. Of these patients, 17.7% and 8.9% had borderline abnormal and abnormal depression, respectively, and 10.3% and 8.9% of patients had borderline abnormal anxiety and abnormal anxiety. Common social determinants and lifestyle factors were examined. Age, gender, and sugary drinks’ consumption significantly increased the odds of hypertension and type 2 diabetes; vigorous physical activity 3 times a week, decreased the odds of developing these chronic diseases. Adjusted regression models showed a statistically significant association between the hospital anxiety and depression scale score for borderline and abnormal anxiety and the presence of type 2 diabetes (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.13, 8.19], P -value = .03 and OR 4.65 [95% CI 1.63,13.22], P -value <.03, respectively) and dyslipidemia (OR 5.93 [95% CI 1.54, 22.86], P -value = .01, and OR 4.70 [95% CI 0.78, 28.35], P -value = .09, respectively). The odds of developing depression were 4 times higher ( P -value .04) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Among patients attending primary care outpatient clinics, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. Social determinants and lifestyle factors play a major role in the development of common chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia. Primary care physicians should consider the patients’ psychological status, sociodemographic status, and lifestyle risks during the management of chronic diseases.Leena R. BaghdadiMohammed Khalid AlhassanFawaz Hindi AlotaibiKhalid Badr AlSelaimAbdulrahman Abdulkhaliq AlzahraniFaisal Fahad AlMusaeedSAGE PublishingarticleComputer applications to medicine. Medical informaticsR858-859.7Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENJournal of Primary Care & Community Health, Vol 12 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics R858-859.7 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Leena R. Baghdadi Mohammed Khalid Alhassan Fawaz Hindi Alotaibi Khalid Badr AlSelaim Abdulrahman Abdulkhaliq Alzahrani Faisal Fahad AlMusaeed Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care
description	Introduction: Patients with chronic diseases can experience psychological conditions, including anxiety and depression. However, the association between chronic diseases and these psychological conditions remains unclear. This study aimed to identify the relationship between anxiety, depression, and common chronic diseases (hypertension, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, and rheumatoid arthritis), and their association with social determinants at an outpatient primary care setting. Methods: The validated hospital anxiety and depression scale was administered electronically to eligible participants. For each condition (anxiety and depression), participants were categorized as normal, borderline abnormal, and abnormal, according to their score out of 21 (≤7 = normal, 8-10 = borderline abnormal, ≥11 = abnormal). The scores and numbers of participants in each category were analyzed and compared with their demographic characteristics and chronic diseases for associations and relationships. Results: We recruited 271 participants (mean age of 51.65 + 11.71 years) attending primary care clinics. Of these patients, 17.7% and 8.9% had borderline abnormal and abnormal depression, respectively, and 10.3% and 8.9% of patients had borderline abnormal anxiety and abnormal anxiety. Common social determinants and lifestyle factors were examined. Age, gender, and sugary drinks’ consumption significantly increased the odds of hypertension and type 2 diabetes; vigorous physical activity 3 times a week, decreased the odds of developing these chronic diseases. Adjusted regression models showed a statistically significant association between the hospital anxiety and depression scale score for borderline and abnormal anxiety and the presence of type 2 diabetes (OR 3.04 [95% CI 1.13, 8.19], P -value = .03 and OR 4.65 [95% CI 1.63,13.22], P -value <.03, respectively) and dyslipidemia (OR 5.93 [95% CI 1.54, 22.86], P -value = .01, and OR 4.70 [95% CI 0.78, 28.35], P -value = .09, respectively). The odds of developing depression were 4 times higher ( P -value .04) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Conclusion: Among patients attending primary care outpatient clinics, anxiety, and depression were significantly associated with type 2 diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis, respectively. Social determinants and lifestyle factors play a major role in the development of common chronic diseases in Saudi Arabia. Primary care physicians should consider the patients’ psychological status, sociodemographic status, and lifestyle risks during the management of chronic diseases.
format	article
author	Leena R. Baghdadi Mohammed Khalid Alhassan Fawaz Hindi Alotaibi Khalid Badr AlSelaim Abdulrahman Abdulkhaliq Alzahrani Faisal Fahad AlMusaeed
author_facet	Leena R. Baghdadi Mohammed Khalid Alhassan Fawaz Hindi Alotaibi Khalid Badr AlSelaim Abdulrahman Abdulkhaliq Alzahrani Faisal Fahad AlMusaeed
author_sort	Leena R. Baghdadi
title	Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care
title_short	Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care
title_full	Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care
title_fullStr	Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care
title_full_unstemmed	Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care
title_sort	anxiety, depression, and common chronic diseases, and their association with social determinants in saudi primary care
publisher	SAGE Publishing
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9d1a9dda3abc41b5bcde493e1f6c5e96
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Anxiety, Depression, and Common Chronic Diseases, and Their Association With Social Determinants in Saudi Primary Care

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