Sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus

Abstract Previously, we found that in dissociated hippocampal cultures the proportion of large spines (head diameter ≥ 0.6 μm) was larger in cultures from female than from male animals. In order to rule out that this result is an in vitro phenomenon, we analyzed the density of large spines in fixed...

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Autores principales:	Nicola Brandt, Tobias Löffler, Lars Fester, Gabriele M. Rune
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9d344b1b1c114fbebd412d7f298e35cb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9d344b1b1c114fbebd412d7f298e35cb2021-12-02T15:39:40ZSex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus10.1038/s41598-020-68371-x2045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9d344b1b1c114fbebd412d7f298e35cb2020-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68371-xhttps://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Previously, we found that in dissociated hippocampal cultures the proportion of large spines (head diameter ≥ 0.6 μm) was larger in cultures from female than from male animals. In order to rule out that this result is an in vitro phenomenon, we analyzed the density of large spines in fixed hippocampal vibratome sections of Thy1-GFP mice, in which GFP is expressed only in subpopulations of neurons. We compared spine numbers of the four estrus cycle stages in females with those of male mice. Remarkably, total spine numbers did not vary during the estrus cycle, while estrus cyclicity was evident regarding the number of large spines and was highest during diestrus, when estradiol levels start to rise. The average total spine number in females was identical with the spine number in male animals. The density of large spines, however, was significantly lower in male than in female animals in each stage of the estrus cycle. Interestingly, the number of spine apparatuses, a typical feature of large spines, did not differ between the sexes. Accordingly, NMDA-R1 and NMDA-R2A/B expression were lower in the hippocampus and in postsynaptic density fractions of adult male animals than in those of female animals. This difference could already be observed at birth for NMDA-R1, but not for NMDA-R2A/B expression. In dissociated embryonic hippocampal cultures, no difference was seen after 21 days in culture, while the difference was evident in postnatal cultures. Our data indicate that hippocampal neurons are differentiated in a sex-dependent manner, this differentiation being likely to develop during the perinatal period.Nicola BrandtTobias LöfflerLars FesterGabriele M. RuneNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-12 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Nicola Brandt Tobias Löffler Lars Fester Gabriele M. Rune Sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus
description	Abstract Previously, we found that in dissociated hippocampal cultures the proportion of large spines (head diameter ≥ 0.6 μm) was larger in cultures from female than from male animals. In order to rule out that this result is an in vitro phenomenon, we analyzed the density of large spines in fixed hippocampal vibratome sections of Thy1-GFP mice, in which GFP is expressed only in subpopulations of neurons. We compared spine numbers of the four estrus cycle stages in females with those of male mice. Remarkably, total spine numbers did not vary during the estrus cycle, while estrus cyclicity was evident regarding the number of large spines and was highest during diestrus, when estradiol levels start to rise. The average total spine number in females was identical with the spine number in male animals. The density of large spines, however, was significantly lower in male than in female animals in each stage of the estrus cycle. Interestingly, the number of spine apparatuses, a typical feature of large spines, did not differ between the sexes. Accordingly, NMDA-R1 and NMDA-R2A/B expression were lower in the hippocampus and in postsynaptic density fractions of adult male animals than in those of female animals. This difference could already be observed at birth for NMDA-R1, but not for NMDA-R2A/B expression. In dissociated embryonic hippocampal cultures, no difference was seen after 21 days in culture, while the difference was evident in postnatal cultures. Our data indicate that hippocampal neurons are differentiated in a sex-dependent manner, this differentiation being likely to develop during the perinatal period.
format	article
author	Nicola Brandt Tobias Löffler Lars Fester Gabriele M. Rune
author_facet	Nicola Brandt Tobias Löffler Lars Fester Gabriele M. Rune
author_sort	Nicola Brandt
title	Sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus
title_short	Sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus
title_full	Sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus
title_fullStr	Sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus
title_full_unstemmed	Sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus
title_sort	sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/9d344b1b1c114fbebd412d7f298e35cb
work_keys_str_mv	AT nicolabrandt sexspecificfeaturesofspinedensitiesinthehippocampus AT tobiasloffler sexspecificfeaturesofspinedensitiesinthehippocampus AT larsfester sexspecificfeaturesofspinedensitiesinthehippocampus AT gabrielemrune sexspecificfeaturesofspinedensitiesinthehippocampus
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Sex-specific features of spine densities in the hippocampus

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