The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

<h4>Background</h4>Child sexual abuse is considered a modifiable risk factor for mental disorders across the life course. However the long-term consequences of other forms of child maltreatment have not yet been systematically examined. The aim of this study was to summarise the evidence...

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Autores principales:	Rosana E Norman, Munkhtsetseg Byambaa, Rumna De, Alexander Butchart, James Scott, Theo Vos
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Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2012
Materias:	Medicine R
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9d7cd3e1745943188d797023004b0508
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9d7cd3e1745943188d797023004b05082021-11-18T05:42:48ZThe long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.1549-12771549-167610.1371/journal.pmed.1001349https://doaj.org/article/9d7cd3e1745943188d797023004b05082012-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23209385/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1549-1277https://doaj.org/toc/1549-1676<h4>Background</h4>Child sexual abuse is considered a modifiable risk factor for mental disorders across the life course. However the long-term consequences of other forms of child maltreatment have not yet been systematically examined. The aim of this study was to summarise the evidence relating to the possible relationship between child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, and subsequent mental and physical health outcomes.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO electronic databases up to 26 June 2012. Published cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies that examined non-sexual child maltreatment as a risk factor for loss of health were included. All meta-analyses were based on quality-effects models. Out of 285 articles assessed for eligibility, 124 studies satisfied the pre-determined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Statistically significant associations were observed between physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect and depressive disorders (physical abuse [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95% CI 1.16-2.04], emotional abuse [OR = 3.06; 95% CI 2.43-3.85], and neglect [OR = 2.11; 95% CI 1.61-2.77]); drug use (physical abuse [OR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.67-2.20], emotional abuse [OR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.11-1.79], and neglect [OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.21-1.54]); suicide attempts (physical abuse [OR = 3.40; 95% CI 2.17-5.32], emotional abuse [OR = 3.37; 95% CI 2.44-4.67], and neglect [OR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.13-3.37]); and sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual behaviour (physical abuse [OR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.50-2.10], emotional abuse [OR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.49-2.04], and neglect [OR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.39-1.78]). Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria. While suggestive evidence exists for a relationship between maltreatment and chronic diseases and lifestyle risk factors, more research is required to confirm these relationships.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This overview of the evidence suggests a causal relationship between non-sexual child maltreatment and a range of mental disorders, drug use, suicide attempts, sexually transmitted infections, and risky sexual behaviour. All forms of child maltreatment should be considered important risks to health with a sizeable impact on major contributors to the burden of disease in all parts of the world. The awareness of the serious long-term consequences of child maltreatment should encourage better identification of those at risk and the development of effective interventions to protect children from violence.Rosana E NormanMunkhtsetseg ByambaaRumna DeAlexander ButchartJames ScottTheo VosPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRENPLoS Medicine, Vol 9, Iss 11, p e1001349 (2012)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R
spellingShingle	Medicine R Rosana E Norman Munkhtsetseg Byambaa Rumna De Alexander Butchart James Scott Theo Vos The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Child sexual abuse is considered a modifiable risk factor for mental disorders across the life course. However the long-term consequences of other forms of child maltreatment have not yet been systematically examined. The aim of this study was to summarise the evidence relating to the possible relationship between child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect, and subsequent mental and physical health outcomes.<h4>Methods and findings</h4>A systematic review was conducted using the Medline, EMBASE, and PsycINFO electronic databases up to 26 June 2012. Published cohort, cross-sectional, and case-control studies that examined non-sexual child maltreatment as a risk factor for loss of health were included. All meta-analyses were based on quality-effects models. Out of 285 articles assessed for eligibility, 124 studies satisfied the pre-determined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. Statistically significant associations were observed between physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect and depressive disorders (physical abuse [odds ratio (OR) = 1.54; 95% CI 1.16-2.04], emotional abuse [OR = 3.06; 95% CI 2.43-3.85], and neglect [OR = 2.11; 95% CI 1.61-2.77]); drug use (physical abuse [OR = 1.92; 95% CI 1.67-2.20], emotional abuse [OR = 1.41; 95% CI 1.11-1.79], and neglect [OR = 1.36; 95% CI 1.21-1.54]); suicide attempts (physical abuse [OR = 3.40; 95% CI 2.17-5.32], emotional abuse [OR = 3.37; 95% CI 2.44-4.67], and neglect [OR = 1.95; 95% CI 1.13-3.37]); and sexually transmitted infections and risky sexual behaviour (physical abuse [OR = 1.78; 95% CI 1.50-2.10], emotional abuse [OR = 1.75; 95% CI 1.49-2.04], and neglect [OR = 1.57; 95% CI 1.39-1.78]). Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria. While suggestive evidence exists for a relationship between maltreatment and chronic diseases and lifestyle risk factors, more research is required to confirm these relationships.<h4>Conclusions</h4>This overview of the evidence suggests a causal relationship between non-sexual child maltreatment and a range of mental disorders, drug use, suicide attempts, sexually transmitted infections, and risky sexual behaviour. All forms of child maltreatment should be considered important risks to health with a sizeable impact on major contributors to the burden of disease in all parts of the world. The awareness of the serious long-term consequences of child maltreatment should encourage better identification of those at risk and the development of effective interventions to protect children from violence.
format	article
author	Rosana E Norman Munkhtsetseg Byambaa Rumna De Alexander Butchart James Scott Theo Vos
author_facet	Rosana E Norman Munkhtsetseg Byambaa Rumna De Alexander Butchart James Scott Theo Vos
author_sort	Rosana E Norman
title	The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
title_short	The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
title_full	The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
title_fullStr	The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
title_full_unstemmed	The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
title_sort	long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2012
url	https://doaj.org/article/9d7cd3e1745943188d797023004b0508
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The long-term health consequences of child physical abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

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