Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis

Abstract Axonal loss is the main determinant of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to assess the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in detecting corneal axonal loss in different courses of MS. The results were confirmed by two independent segmentation methods....

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Autores principales:	Ioannis N. Petropoulos, Kathryn C. Fitzgerald, Jonathan Oakley, Georgios Ponirakis, Adnan Khan, Hoda Gad, Pooja George, Dirk Deleu, Beatriz G. Canibano, Naveed Akhtar, Ashfaq Shuaib, Ahmed Own, Taimur Malik, Daniel B. Russakoff, Joseph L. Mankowski, Stuti L. Misra, Charles N. J. McGhee, Peter Calabresi, Shiv Saidha, Saadat Kamran, Rayaz A. Malik
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2021
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9d7dac5ed8594004baea67b426f557e9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9d7dac5ed8594004baea67b426f557e92021-11-08T10:47:55ZCorneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis10.1038/s41598-021-01226-12045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9d7dac5ed8594004baea67b426f557e92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-01226-1https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Axonal loss is the main determinant of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to assess the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in detecting corneal axonal loss in different courses of MS. The results were confirmed by two independent segmentation methods. 72 subjects (144 eyes) [(clinically isolated syndrome (n = 9); relapsing–remitting MS (n = 20); secondary-progressive MS (n = 22); and age-matched, healthy controls (n = 21)] underwent CCM and assessment of their disability status. Two independent algorithms (ACCMetrics; and Voxeleron deepNerve) were used to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (ACCMetrics only), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) and corneal nerve fractal dimension (CNFrD). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation with 95% confidence interval (CI). Compared to controls, patients with MS had significantly lower CNFD (34.76 ± 5.57 vs. 19.85 ± 6.75 fibers/mm2, 95% CI − 18.24 to − 11.59, P < .0001), CNFL [for ACCMetrics: 19.75 ± 2.39 vs. 12.40 ± 3.30 mm/mm2, 95% CI − 8.94 to − 5.77, P < .0001; for deepNerve: 21.98 ± 2.76 vs. 14.40 ± 4.17 mm/mm2, 95% CI − 9.55 to − 5.6, P < .0001] and CNFrD [for ACCMetrics: 1.52 ± 0.02 vs. 1.45 ± 0.04, 95% CI − 0.09 to − 0.05, P < .0001; for deepNerve: 1.29 ± 0.03 vs. 1.19 ± 0.07, 95% − 0.13 to − 0.07, P < .0001]. Corneal nerve parameters were comparably reduced in different courses of MS. There was excellent reproducibility between the algorithms. Significant corneal axonal loss is detected in different courses of MS including patients with clinically isolated syndrome.Ioannis N. PetropoulosKathryn C. FitzgeraldJonathan OakleyGeorgios PonirakisAdnan KhanHoda GadPooja GeorgeDirk DeleuBeatriz G. CanibanoNaveed AkhtarAshfaq ShuaibAhmed OwnTaimur MalikDaniel B. RussakoffJoseph L. MankowskiStuti L. MisraCharles N. J. McGheePeter CalabresiShiv SaidhaSaadat KamranRayaz A. MalikNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 11, Iss 1, Pp 1-9 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Ioannis N. Petropoulos Kathryn C. Fitzgerald Jonathan Oakley Georgios Ponirakis Adnan Khan Hoda Gad Pooja George Dirk Deleu Beatriz G. Canibano Naveed Akhtar Ashfaq Shuaib Ahmed Own Taimur Malik Daniel B. Russakoff Joseph L. Mankowski Stuti L. Misra Charles N. J. McGhee Peter Calabresi Shiv Saidha Saadat Kamran Rayaz A. Malik Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis
description	Abstract Axonal loss is the main determinant of disease progression in multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to assess the utility of corneal confocal microscopy (CCM) in detecting corneal axonal loss in different courses of MS. The results were confirmed by two independent segmentation methods. 72 subjects (144 eyes) [(clinically isolated syndrome (n = 9); relapsing–remitting MS (n = 20); secondary-progressive MS (n = 22); and age-matched, healthy controls (n = 21)] underwent CCM and assessment of their disability status. Two independent algorithms (ACCMetrics; and Voxeleron deepNerve) were used to quantify corneal nerve fiber density (CNFD) (ACCMetrics only), corneal nerve fiber length (CNFL) and corneal nerve fractal dimension (CNFrD). Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation with 95% confidence interval (CI). Compared to controls, patients with MS had significantly lower CNFD (34.76 ± 5.57 vs. 19.85 ± 6.75 fibers/mm2, 95% CI − 18.24 to − 11.59, P < .0001), CNFL [for ACCMetrics: 19.75 ± 2.39 vs. 12.40 ± 3.30 mm/mm2, 95% CI − 8.94 to − 5.77, P < .0001; for deepNerve: 21.98 ± 2.76 vs. 14.40 ± 4.17 mm/mm2, 95% CI − 9.55 to − 5.6, P < .0001] and CNFrD [for ACCMetrics: 1.52 ± 0.02 vs. 1.45 ± 0.04, 95% CI − 0.09 to − 0.05, P < .0001; for deepNerve: 1.29 ± 0.03 vs. 1.19 ± 0.07, 95% − 0.13 to − 0.07, P < .0001]. Corneal nerve parameters were comparably reduced in different courses of MS. There was excellent reproducibility between the algorithms. Significant corneal axonal loss is detected in different courses of MS including patients with clinically isolated syndrome.
format	article
author	Ioannis N. Petropoulos Kathryn C. Fitzgerald Jonathan Oakley Georgios Ponirakis Adnan Khan Hoda Gad Pooja George Dirk Deleu Beatriz G. Canibano Naveed Akhtar Ashfaq Shuaib Ahmed Own Taimur Malik Daniel B. Russakoff Joseph L. Mankowski Stuti L. Misra Charles N. J. McGhee Peter Calabresi Shiv Saidha Saadat Kamran Rayaz A. Malik
author_facet	Ioannis N. Petropoulos Kathryn C. Fitzgerald Jonathan Oakley Georgios Ponirakis Adnan Khan Hoda Gad Pooja George Dirk Deleu Beatriz G. Canibano Naveed Akhtar Ashfaq Shuaib Ahmed Own Taimur Malik Daniel B. Russakoff Joseph L. Mankowski Stuti L. Misra Charles N. J. McGhee Peter Calabresi Shiv Saidha Saadat Kamran Rayaz A. Malik
author_sort	Ioannis N. Petropoulos
title	Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis
title_short	Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis
title_full	Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis
title_fullStr	Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis
title_full_unstemmed	Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis
title_sort	corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9d7dac5ed8594004baea67b426f557e9
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Corneal confocal microscopy demonstrates axonal loss in different courses of multiple sclerosis

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