Climate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.

National reserve networks are one of the most important means of species conservation, but their efficiency may be diminished due to the projected climatic changes. Using bioclimatic envelope models and spatial data on habitats and conservation areas, we studied how efficient the reserve network wil...

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Autores principales:	Raimo Virkkala, Risto K Heikkinen, Stefan Fronzek, Niko Leikola
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2013
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9d8226e627344557a391a585e0c58be6
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9d8226e627344557a391a585e0c58be62021-11-18T07:45:11ZClimate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.1932-620310.1371/journal.pone.0063376https://doaj.org/article/9d8226e627344557a391a585e0c58be62013-01-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/23700420/pdf/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1932-6203National reserve networks are one of the most important means of species conservation, but their efficiency may be diminished due to the projected climatic changes. Using bioclimatic envelope models and spatial data on habitats and conservation areas, we studied how efficient the reserve network will be in preserving 100 forest, mire, marshland, and alpine bird species of conservation concern in Finland in 2051-2080 under three different climate scenarios. The occurrences of the studied bird species were related to the amount of habitat preferred by each species in the different boreal zones. We employed a novel integrated habitat suitability index that takes into account both the species' probability of occurrence from the bioclimatic models and the availability of suitable habitat. Using this suitability index, the distribution of the topmost 5% suitability squares ("hotspots") in the four bird species groups in the period 1971-2000 and under the three scenarios were compared with the location of reserves with the highest amounts of the four habitats to study the efficiency of the network. In species of mires, marshlands, and Arctic mountains, a high proportion of protected habitat was included in the 5% hotspots in the scenarios in 2051-2080, showing that protected areas cover a high proportion of occurrences of bird species. In contrast, in forests in the southern and middle boreal zones, only a small proportion of the protected habitat was included in the 5% hotspots, indicating that the efficiency of the protected area network will be insufficient for forest birds in the future. In the northern boreal zone, the efficiency of the reserve network in forests was highly dependent on the strength of climate change varying between the scenarios. Overall, there is no single solution to preserving biodiversity in a changing climate, but several future pathways should be considered.Raimo VirkkalaRisto K HeikkinenStefan FronzekNiko LeikolaPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleMedicineRScienceQENPLoS ONE, Vol 8, Iss 5, p e63376 (2013)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Raimo Virkkala Risto K Heikkinen Stefan Fronzek Niko Leikola Climate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.
description	National reserve networks are one of the most important means of species conservation, but their efficiency may be diminished due to the projected climatic changes. Using bioclimatic envelope models and spatial data on habitats and conservation areas, we studied how efficient the reserve network will be in preserving 100 forest, mire, marshland, and alpine bird species of conservation concern in Finland in 2051-2080 under three different climate scenarios. The occurrences of the studied bird species were related to the amount of habitat preferred by each species in the different boreal zones. We employed a novel integrated habitat suitability index that takes into account both the species' probability of occurrence from the bioclimatic models and the availability of suitable habitat. Using this suitability index, the distribution of the topmost 5% suitability squares ("hotspots") in the four bird species groups in the period 1971-2000 and under the three scenarios were compared with the location of reserves with the highest amounts of the four habitats to study the efficiency of the network. In species of mires, marshlands, and Arctic mountains, a high proportion of protected habitat was included in the 5% hotspots in the scenarios in 2051-2080, showing that protected areas cover a high proportion of occurrences of bird species. In contrast, in forests in the southern and middle boreal zones, only a small proportion of the protected habitat was included in the 5% hotspots, indicating that the efficiency of the protected area network will be insufficient for forest birds in the future. In the northern boreal zone, the efficiency of the reserve network in forests was highly dependent on the strength of climate change varying between the scenarios. Overall, there is no single solution to preserving biodiversity in a changing climate, but several future pathways should be considered.
format	article
author	Raimo Virkkala Risto K Heikkinen Stefan Fronzek Niko Leikola
author_facet	Raimo Virkkala Risto K Heikkinen Stefan Fronzek Niko Leikola
author_sort	Raimo Virkkala
title	Climate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.
title_short	Climate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.
title_full	Climate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.
title_fullStr	Climate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.
title_full_unstemmed	Climate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.
title_sort	climate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2013
url	https://doaj.org/article/9d8226e627344557a391a585e0c58be6
work_keys_str_mv	AT raimovirkkala climatechangenorthernbirdsofconservationconcernandmatchingthehotspotsofhabitatsuitabilitywiththereservenetwork AT ristokheikkinen climatechangenorthernbirdsofconservationconcernandmatchingthehotspotsofhabitatsuitabilitywiththereservenetwork AT stefanfronzek climatechangenorthernbirdsofconservationconcernandmatchingthehotspotsofhabitatsuitabilitywiththereservenetwork AT nikoleikola climatechangenorthernbirdsofconservationconcernandmatchingthehotspotsofhabitatsuitabilitywiththereservenetwork
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Climate change, northern birds of conservation concern and matching the hotspots of habitat suitability with the reserve network.

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