First description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.

<h4>Background</h4>Identifying clusters of acute paracoccidioidomycosis cases could potentially help in identifying the environmental factors that influence the incidence of this mycosis. However, unlike other endemic mycoses, there are no published reports of clusters of paracoccidioido...

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Autores principales:	Ligia Vizeu Barrozo, Gil Benard, Maria Elisa Siqueira Silva, Eduardo Bagagli, Silvio Alencar Marques, Rinaldo Poncio Mendes
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Public Library of Science (PLoS) 2010
Materias:	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9d85ef692da34b949f70511d62010cb8
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9d85ef692da34b949f70511d62010cb82021-11-25T06:33:37ZFirst description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.1935-27271935-273510.1371/journal.pntd.0000643https://doaj.org/article/9d85ef692da34b949f70511d62010cb82010-03-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/pmid/20361032/?tool=EBIhttps://doaj.org/toc/1935-2727https://doaj.org/toc/1935-2735<h4>Background</h4>Identifying clusters of acute paracoccidioidomycosis cases could potentially help in identifying the environmental factors that influence the incidence of this mycosis. However, unlike other endemic mycoses, there are no published reports of clusters of paracoccidioidomycosis.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>A retrospective cluster detection test was applied to verify if an excess of acute form (AF) paracoccidioidomycosis cases in time and/or space occurred in Botucatu, an endemic area in São Paulo State. The scan-test SaTScan v7.0.3 was set to find clusters for the maximum temporal period of 1 year. The temporal test indicated a significant cluster in 1985 (P<0.005). This cluster comprised 10 cases, although 2.19 were expected for this year in this area. Age and clinical presentation of these cases were typical of AF paracccidioidomycosis. The space-time test confirmed the temporal cluster in 1985 and showed the localities where the risk was higher in that year. The cluster suggests that some particularities took place in the antecedent years in those localities. Analysis of climate variables showed that soil water storage was atypically high in 1982/83 ( approximately 2.11/2.5 SD above mean), and the absolute air humidity in 1984, the year preceding the cluster, was much higher than normal ( approximately 1.6 SD above mean), conditions that may have favored, respectively, antecedent fungal growth in the soil and conidia liberation in 1984, the probable year of exposure. These climatic anomalies in this area was due to the 1982/83 El Niño event, the strongest in the last 50 years.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We describe the first cluster of AF paracoccidioidomycosis, which was potentially linked to a climatic anomaly caused by the 1982/83 El Niño Southern Oscillation. This finding is important because it may help to clarify the conditions that favor Paracoccidioides brasiliensis survival and growth in the environment and that enhance human exposure, thus allowing the development of preventive measures.Ligia Vizeu BarrozoGil BenardMaria Elisa Siqueira SilvaEduardo BagagliSilvio Alencar MarquesRinaldo Poncio MendesPublic Library of Science (PLoS)articleArctic medicine. Tropical medicineRC955-962Public aspects of medicineRA1-1270ENPLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, Vol 4, Iss 3, p e643 (2010)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270
spellingShingle	Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine RC955-962 Public aspects of medicine RA1-1270 Ligia Vizeu Barrozo Gil Benard Maria Elisa Siqueira Silva Eduardo Bagagli Silvio Alencar Marques Rinaldo Poncio Mendes First description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.
description	<h4>Background</h4>Identifying clusters of acute paracoccidioidomycosis cases could potentially help in identifying the environmental factors that influence the incidence of this mycosis. However, unlike other endemic mycoses, there are no published reports of clusters of paracoccidioidomycosis.<h4>Methodology/principal findings</h4>A retrospective cluster detection test was applied to verify if an excess of acute form (AF) paracoccidioidomycosis cases in time and/or space occurred in Botucatu, an endemic area in São Paulo State. The scan-test SaTScan v7.0.3 was set to find clusters for the maximum temporal period of 1 year. The temporal test indicated a significant cluster in 1985 (P<0.005). This cluster comprised 10 cases, although 2.19 were expected for this year in this area. Age and clinical presentation of these cases were typical of AF paracccidioidomycosis. The space-time test confirmed the temporal cluster in 1985 and showed the localities where the risk was higher in that year. The cluster suggests that some particularities took place in the antecedent years in those localities. Analysis of climate variables showed that soil water storage was atypically high in 1982/83 ( approximately 2.11/2.5 SD above mean), and the absolute air humidity in 1984, the year preceding the cluster, was much higher than normal ( approximately 1.6 SD above mean), conditions that may have favored, respectively, antecedent fungal growth in the soil and conidia liberation in 1984, the probable year of exposure. These climatic anomalies in this area was due to the 1982/83 El Niño event, the strongest in the last 50 years.<h4>Conclusions/significance</h4>We describe the first cluster of AF paracoccidioidomycosis, which was potentially linked to a climatic anomaly caused by the 1982/83 El Niño Southern Oscillation. This finding is important because it may help to clarify the conditions that favor Paracoccidioides brasiliensis survival and growth in the environment and that enhance human exposure, thus allowing the development of preventive measures.
format	article
author	Ligia Vizeu Barrozo Gil Benard Maria Elisa Siqueira Silva Eduardo Bagagli Silvio Alencar Marques Rinaldo Poncio Mendes
author_facet	Ligia Vizeu Barrozo Gil Benard Maria Elisa Siqueira Silva Eduardo Bagagli Silvio Alencar Marques Rinaldo Poncio Mendes
author_sort	Ligia Vizeu Barrozo
title	First description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.
title_short	First description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.
title_full	First description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.
title_fullStr	First description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.
title_full_unstemmed	First description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.
title_sort	first description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.
publisher	Public Library of Science (PLoS)
publishDate	2010
url	https://doaj.org/article/9d85ef692da34b949f70511d62010cb8
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First description of a cluster of acute/subacute paracoccidioidomycosis cases and its association with a climatic anomaly.

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