Effect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment

# Background An estimated 56% of recreational runners sustain a running-related injury related to the high impact forces in running. Increasing step frequency (cadence) while maintaining a consistent speed has been shown to be an effective way to lower impact forces which may reduce injury risk. #...

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Autores principales:	Taylor Musgjerd, Jacob Anason, Drew Rutherford, Thomas W Kernozek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	North American Sports Medicine Institute 2021
Materias:	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9d89f817ecd14202baf96bb4705d239f
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9d89f817ecd14202baf96bb4705d239f2021-12-02T14:47:19ZEffect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment2159-2896https://doaj.org/article/9d89f817ecd14202baf96bb4705d239f2021-08-01T00:00:00Zhttps://ijspt.scholasticahq.com/article/25166-effect-of-increasing-running-cadence-on-peak-impact-force-in-an-outdoor-environment.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/2159-2896# Background An estimated 56% of recreational runners sustain a running-related injury related to the high impact forces in running. Increasing step frequency (cadence) while maintaining a consistent speed has been shown to be an effective way to lower impact forces which may reduce injury risk. # Purpose To examine effects of increased cadence on peak impact force during running in an outdoor setting. It was hypothesized that as cadence increases, peak force would decrease. # Study Design Repeated measures, quasi-experimental # Methods Peak force and cadence measurements were collected from 15 recreational runners (8 females, 7 males) during two 2.4-mile outdoor runs. Peak force was measured using an insole-based load measuring device. Baseline session run was completed at participant’s naturally preferred cadence and cadence session run was completed at a cadence targeted to be 10% greater than baseline. Pace was monitored with a GPS watch. Cadence was cued by an auditory metronome and measured with both GPS watch and insoles. Repeated-measures ANOVA’s examined the differences in average peak force, GPS-reported cadence, and insole-reported cadence between mile 1 and mile 2, and across the two cadence conditions. # Results Cadence differences of 7.3% were observed between baseline and cadence sessions (p\<0.001). A concurrent decrease in average peak force of 5.6% was demonstrated during the cadence run (p\<0.05). Average cadences measured by GPS watch and insoles were found to be the same at both baseline (p=0.096) and during cadence (p=0.352) sessions. # Conclusion Increasing cadence by an average of 7% in an outdoor setting resulted in a decrease in peak force at two different time points during a 2.4-mile run. Furthermore, using a metronome for in-field cadence manipulation led to a change in cadence. This suggests that a metronome may be an effective tool to manipulate cadence for the purpose of decreasing peak impact force in an outdoor setting. # Level of evidence 3bTaylor MusgjerdJacob AnasonDrew RutherfordThomas W KernozekNorth American Sports Medicine InstitutearticleSports medicineRC1200-1245ENInternational Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, Vol 16, Iss 4 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Sports medicine RC1200-1245
spellingShingle	Sports medicine RC1200-1245 Taylor Musgjerd Jacob Anason Drew Rutherford Thomas W Kernozek Effect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment
description	# Background An estimated 56% of recreational runners sustain a running-related injury related to the high impact forces in running. Increasing step frequency (cadence) while maintaining a consistent speed has been shown to be an effective way to lower impact forces which may reduce injury risk. # Purpose To examine effects of increased cadence on peak impact force during running in an outdoor setting. It was hypothesized that as cadence increases, peak force would decrease. # Study Design Repeated measures, quasi-experimental # Methods Peak force and cadence measurements were collected from 15 recreational runners (8 females, 7 males) during two 2.4-mile outdoor runs. Peak force was measured using an insole-based load measuring device. Baseline session run was completed at participant’s naturally preferred cadence and cadence session run was completed at a cadence targeted to be 10% greater than baseline. Pace was monitored with a GPS watch. Cadence was cued by an auditory metronome and measured with both GPS watch and insoles. Repeated-measures ANOVA’s examined the differences in average peak force, GPS-reported cadence, and insole-reported cadence between mile 1 and mile 2, and across the two cadence conditions. # Results Cadence differences of 7.3% were observed between baseline and cadence sessions (p\<0.001). A concurrent decrease in average peak force of 5.6% was demonstrated during the cadence run (p\<0.05). Average cadences measured by GPS watch and insoles were found to be the same at both baseline (p=0.096) and during cadence (p=0.352) sessions. # Conclusion Increasing cadence by an average of 7% in an outdoor setting resulted in a decrease in peak force at two different time points during a 2.4-mile run. Furthermore, using a metronome for in-field cadence manipulation led to a change in cadence. This suggests that a metronome may be an effective tool to manipulate cadence for the purpose of decreasing peak impact force in an outdoor setting. # Level of evidence 3b
format	article
author	Taylor Musgjerd Jacob Anason Drew Rutherford Thomas W Kernozek
author_facet	Taylor Musgjerd Jacob Anason Drew Rutherford Thomas W Kernozek
author_sort	Taylor Musgjerd
title	Effect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment
title_short	Effect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment
title_full	Effect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment
title_fullStr	Effect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment
title_full_unstemmed	Effect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment
title_sort	effect of increasing running cadence on peak impact force in an outdoor environment
publisher	North American Sports Medicine Institute
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9d89f817ecd14202baf96bb4705d239f
work_keys_str_mv	AT taylormusgjerd effectofincreasingrunningcadenceonpeakimpactforceinanoutdoorenvironment AT jacobanason effectofincreasingrunningcadenceonpeakimpactforceinanoutdoorenvironment AT drewrutherford effectofincreasingrunningcadenceonpeakimpactforceinanoutdoorenvironment AT thomaswkernozek effectofincreasingrunningcadenceonpeakimpactforceinanoutdoorenvironment
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Effect of Increasing Running Cadence on Peak Impact Force in an Outdoor Environment

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