Genome-Wide Identification of the <i>Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase</i> (<i>XTH</i>) and <i>Polygalacturonase</i> (<i>PG</i>) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry

Genome-Wide Identification of the <i>Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase</i> (<i>XTH</i>) and <i>Polygalacturonase</i> (<i>PG</i>) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry

Fruit firmness is an important economical trait in sweet cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i> L.) where the change of this trait is related to cell wall degradation. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and polygalacturonases (PGs) are critical cell-wall-modifying enzymes that occupy a...

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Autores principales: Zefeng Zhai, Chen Feng, Yanyan Wang, Yueting Sun, Xiang Peng, Yuqin Xiao, Xiang Zhang, Xin Zhou, Jiale Jiao, Weili Wang, Bingyang Du, Chao Wang, Yang Liu, Tianhong Li
Formato: article
Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: MDPI AG 2021
Materias:
<i>Prunus avium</i>
xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH)
polygalacturonase (PG)
fruit softening
cell wall
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Chemistry
QD1-999
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/9db1854c2ca44a8a839146a7089f5c6b
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:9db1854c2ca44a8a839146a7089f5c6b2021-11-25T17:55:28ZGenome-Wide Identification of the <i>Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase</i> (<i>XTH</i>) and <i>Polygalacturonase</i> (<i>PG</i>) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry10.3390/ijms2222123311422-00671661-6596https://doaj.org/article/9db1854c2ca44a8a839146a7089f5c6b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/22/12331https://doaj.org/toc/1661-6596https://doaj.org/toc/1422-0067Fruit firmness is an important economical trait in sweet cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i> L.) where the change of this trait is related to cell wall degradation. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and polygalacturonases (PGs) are critical cell-wall-modifying enzymes that occupy a crucial position in fruit ripening and softening. Herein, we identified 18 <i>XTHs</i> and 45 <i>PGs</i> designated <i>PavXTH1-18</i> and <i>PavPG1-45</i> based on their locations in the genome of sweet cherry. We provided a systematical overview of <i>PavXTHs</i> and <i>PavPGs</i>, including phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and expression profiling of these genes. The results showed that <i>PavXTH14</i>, <i>PavXTH15</i> and <i>PavPG38</i> were most likely to participated in fruit softening owing to the substantial increment in expression during fruit development and ripening. Furthermore, the phytohormone ABA, MeJA, and ethephon significantly elevated the expression of <i>PavPG38</i> and <i>PavXTH15</i>, and thus promoted fruit softening. Importantly, transient expression <i>PavXTH14</i>, <i>PavXTH15</i> and <i>PavPG38</i> in cherry fruits significantly reduced the fruit firmness, and the content of various cell wall components including hemicellulose and pectin significantly changed correspondingly in the transgenic fruit. Taken together, these results present an extensive analysis of <i>XTHs</i> and <i>PGs</i> in sweet cherry and provide potential targets for breeding softening-resistant sweet cherry cultivars via manipulating cell wall-associated genes.Zefeng ZhaiChen FengYanyan WangYueting SunXiang PengYuqin XiaoXiang ZhangXin ZhouJiale JiaoWeili WangBingyang DuChao WangYang LiuTianhong LiMDPI AGarticle<i>Prunus avium</i>xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH)polygalacturonase (PG)fruit softeningcell wallBiology (General)QH301-705.5ChemistryQD1-999ENInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences, Vol 22, Iss 12331, p 12331 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic <i>Prunus avium</i>
xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH)
polygalacturonase (PG)
fruit softening
cell wall
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Chemistry
QD1-999
spellingShingle <i>Prunus avium</i>
xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH)
polygalacturonase (PG)
fruit softening
cell wall
Biology (General)
QH301-705.5
Chemistry
QD1-999
Zefeng Zhai
Chen Feng
Yanyan Wang
Yueting Sun
Xiang Peng
Yuqin Xiao
Xiang Zhang
Xin Zhou
Jiale Jiao
Weili Wang
Bingyang Du
Chao Wang
Yang Liu
Tianhong Li
Genome-Wide Identification of the <i>Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase</i> (<i>XTH</i>) and <i>Polygalacturonase</i> (<i>PG</i>) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry
description Fruit firmness is an important economical trait in sweet cherry (<i>Prunus avium</i> L.) where the change of this trait is related to cell wall degradation. Xyloglucan endotransglycosylase/hydrolase (XTH) and polygalacturonases (PGs) are critical cell-wall-modifying enzymes that occupy a crucial position in fruit ripening and softening. Herein, we identified 18 <i>XTHs</i> and 45 <i>PGs</i> designated <i>PavXTH1-18</i> and <i>PavPG1-45</i> based on their locations in the genome of sweet cherry. We provided a systematical overview of <i>PavXTHs</i> and <i>PavPGs</i>, including phylogenetic relationships, conserved motifs, and expression profiling of these genes. The results showed that <i>PavXTH14</i>, <i>PavXTH15</i> and <i>PavPG38</i> were most likely to participated in fruit softening owing to the substantial increment in expression during fruit development and ripening. Furthermore, the phytohormone ABA, MeJA, and ethephon significantly elevated the expression of <i>PavPG38</i> and <i>PavXTH15</i>, and thus promoted fruit softening. Importantly, transient expression <i>PavXTH14</i>, <i>PavXTH15</i> and <i>PavPG38</i> in cherry fruits significantly reduced the fruit firmness, and the content of various cell wall components including hemicellulose and pectin significantly changed correspondingly in the transgenic fruit. Taken together, these results present an extensive analysis of <i>XTHs</i> and <i>PGs</i> in sweet cherry and provide potential targets for breeding softening-resistant sweet cherry cultivars via manipulating cell wall-associated genes.
format article
author Zefeng Zhai
Chen Feng
Yanyan Wang
Yueting Sun
Xiang Peng
Yuqin Xiao
Xiang Zhang
Xin Zhou
Jiale Jiao
Weili Wang
Bingyang Du
Chao Wang
Yang Liu
Tianhong Li
author_facet Zefeng Zhai
Chen Feng
Yanyan Wang
Yueting Sun
Xiang Peng
Yuqin Xiao
Xiang Zhang
Xin Zhou
Jiale Jiao
Weili Wang
Bingyang Du
Chao Wang
Yang Liu
Tianhong Li
author_sort Zefeng Zhai
title Genome-Wide Identification of the <i>Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase</i> (<i>XTH</i>) and <i>Polygalacturonase</i> (<i>PG</i>) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry
title_short Genome-Wide Identification of the <i>Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase</i> (<i>XTH</i>) and <i>Polygalacturonase</i> (<i>PG</i>) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry
title_full Genome-Wide Identification of the <i>Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase</i> (<i>XTH</i>) and <i>Polygalacturonase</i> (<i>PG</i>) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry
title_fullStr Genome-Wide Identification of the <i>Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase</i> (<i>XTH</i>) and <i>Polygalacturonase</i> (<i>PG</i>) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry
title_full_unstemmed Genome-Wide Identification of the <i>Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/Hydrolase</i> (<i>XTH</i>) and <i>Polygalacturonase</i> (<i>PG</i>) Genes and Characterization of Their Role in Fruit Softening of Sweet Cherry
title_sort genome-wide identification of the <i>xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase</i> (<i>xth</i>) and <i>polygalacturonase</i> (<i>pg</i>) genes and characterization of their role in fruit softening of sweet cherry
publisher MDPI AG
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/9db1854c2ca44a8a839146a7089f5c6b
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