Valorization of Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds

Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) leaves are produced each year and often disposed, resulting in a waste of resources. Fig waste leaves are rich in flavonoids, which have strong antioxidant activity; however, the variety and chemical structure of antioxidants in fig leaves have not been repor...

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Autores principales:	Chunying Li, Meiting Yu, Shen Li, Xue Yang, Bin Qiao, Sen Shi, Chunjian Zhao, Yujie Fu
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	<i>Ficus carica</i> L. waste leaves antioxidant HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH flavonoids polyphenols Botany QK1-989
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9dc9186c816b4a5c811e6e30b9c6e05c
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9dc9186c816b4a5c811e6e30b9c6e05c2021-11-25T18:47:27ZValorization of Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds10.3390/plants101125322223-7747https://doaj.org/article/9dc9186c816b4a5c811e6e30b9c6e05c2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/11/2532https://doaj.org/toc/2223-7747Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) leaves are produced each year and often disposed, resulting in a waste of resources. Fig waste leaves are rich in flavonoids, which have strong antioxidant activity; however, the variety and chemical structure of antioxidants in fig leaves have not been reported in detail. To take full advantage of fig waste leaves, antioxidant capacity of different extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and water) was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), and ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The results showed that flavonoids in ethyl acetate extraction had the highest content (83.92 ± 0.01 mg/g), maximum DPPH scavenging activity (IC<sub>50</sub> 0.54 mg/mL), highest ABTS scavenging rate (80.28%), and FRAP (3.46 mmol/g). Furthermore, an HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH method was developed to identify 11 flavonoids in fig waste leaves. This rapid and efficient method can not only be used for screening the antioxidant components in fig waste leaves, but also can be combined with mass spectrometry to identify the compounds with antioxidant capacity. There are three flavonoids with significant antioxidant capacity, which are 3-O-(rhamnopyranosyl-glucopyranosyl)-7-O-(glucopyranosyl)-quercetin, isoschaftoside, and rutin. The results confirmed that fig waste leaves contain a variety of antioxidant components, which contributed to increase the value of fig waste leaves as antioxidants.Chunying LiMeiting YuShen LiXue YangBin QiaoSen ShiChunjian ZhaoYujie FuMDPI AGarticle<i>Ficus carica</i> L. waste leavesantioxidantHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPHflavonoidspolyphenolsBotanyQK1-989ENPlants, Vol 10, Iss 2532, p 2532 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	<i>Ficus carica</i> L. waste leaves antioxidant HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH flavonoids polyphenols Botany QK1-989
spellingShingle	<i>Ficus carica</i> L. waste leaves antioxidant HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH flavonoids polyphenols Botany QK1-989 Chunying Li Meiting Yu Shen Li Xue Yang Bin Qiao Sen Shi Chunjian Zhao Yujie Fu Valorization of Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds
description	Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) leaves are produced each year and often disposed, resulting in a waste of resources. Fig waste leaves are rich in flavonoids, which have strong antioxidant activity; however, the variety and chemical structure of antioxidants in fig leaves have not been reported in detail. To take full advantage of fig waste leaves, antioxidant capacity of different extracts (petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, and water) was evaluated by 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid (ABTS), and ferric-ion-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) methods. The results showed that flavonoids in ethyl acetate extraction had the highest content (83.92 ± 0.01 mg/g), maximum DPPH scavenging activity (IC<sub>50</sub> 0.54 mg/mL), highest ABTS scavenging rate (80.28%), and FRAP (3.46 mmol/g). Furthermore, an HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH method was developed to identify 11 flavonoids in fig waste leaves. This rapid and efficient method can not only be used for screening the antioxidant components in fig waste leaves, but also can be combined with mass spectrometry to identify the compounds with antioxidant capacity. There are three flavonoids with significant antioxidant capacity, which are 3-O-(rhamnopyranosyl-glucopyranosyl)-7-O-(glucopyranosyl)-quercetin, isoschaftoside, and rutin. The results confirmed that fig waste leaves contain a variety of antioxidant components, which contributed to increase the value of fig waste leaves as antioxidants.
format	article
author	Chunying Li Meiting Yu Shen Li Xue Yang Bin Qiao Sen Shi Chunjian Zhao Yujie Fu
author_facet	Chunying Li Meiting Yu Shen Li Xue Yang Bin Qiao Sen Shi Chunjian Zhao Yujie Fu
author_sort	Chunying Li
title	Valorization of Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds
title_short	Valorization of Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds
title_full	Valorization of Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds
title_fullStr	Valorization of Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds
title_full_unstemmed	Valorization of Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds
title_sort	valorization of fig (<i>ficus carica</i> l.) waste leaves: hplc-qtof-ms/ms-dpph system for online screening and identification of antioxidant compounds
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9dc9186c816b4a5c811e6e30b9c6e05c
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Valorization of Fig (<i>Ficus carica</i> L.) Waste Leaves: HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS-DPPH System for Online Screening and Identification of Antioxidant Compounds

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