Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010

Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010

<p>Significant reductions in emissions of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span>, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and primary particulate ma...

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Autores principales: K. Skyllakou, P. G. Rivera, B. Dinkelacker, E. Karnezi, I. Kioutsioukis, C. Hernandez, P. J. Adams, S. N. Pandis
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Copernicus Publications 2021
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Physics
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Chemistry
QD1-999
Acceso en línea:https://doaj.org/article/9dc94ed98653416593c505a7233c7eb6
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:9dc94ed98653416593c505a7233c7eb62021-11-25T06:50:20ZChanges in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 201010.5194/acp-21-17115-20211680-73161680-7324https://doaj.org/article/9dc94ed98653416593c505a7233c7eb62021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/17115/2021/acp-21-17115-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324<p>Significant reductions in emissions of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span>, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and primary particulate matter (PM) took place in the US from 1990 to 2010. We evaluate here our understanding of the links between these emissions changes and corresponding changes in concentrations and health outcomes using a chemical transport model, the Particulate Matter Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (PMCAMx), for 1990, 2001, and 2010. The use of the Particle Source Apportionment Algorithm (PSAT) allows us to link the concentration reductions to the sources of the corresponding primary and secondary PM. The reductions in SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions (64 %, mainly from electric-generating units) during these 20 years have dominated the reductions in PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>, leading to a 45 % reduction in sulfate levels. The predicted sulfate reductions are in excellent agreement with the available measurements. Also, the reductions in elemental carbon (EC) emissions (mainly from transportation) have led to a 30 % reduction in EC concentrations. The most important source of organic aerosol (OA) through the years according to PMCAMx is biomass burning, followed by biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). OA from on-road transport has been reduced by more than a factor of 3. On the other hand, changes in biomass burning OA and biogenic SOA have been modest. In 1990, about half of the US population was exposed to annual average PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> concentrations above 20 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, but by 2010 this fraction had dropped to practically zero. The predicted changes in concentrations are evaluated against the observed changes for 1990, 2001, and 2010 in order to understand whether the model represents reasonably well the corresponding processes caused by the changes in emissions.</p>K. SkyllakouP. G. RiveraB. DinkelackerE. KarneziE. KarneziI. KioutsioukisC. HernandezP. J. AdamsS. N. PandisS. N. PandisCopernicus PublicationsarticlePhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 17115-17132 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
spellingShingle Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
K. Skyllakou
P. G. Rivera
B. Dinkelacker
E. Karnezi
E. Karnezi
I. Kioutsioukis
C. Hernandez
P. J. Adams
S. N. Pandis
S. N. Pandis
Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
description <p>Significant reductions in emissions of SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span>, NO<span class="inline-formula"><sub><i>x</i></sub></span>, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and primary particulate matter (PM) took place in the US from 1990 to 2010. We evaluate here our understanding of the links between these emissions changes and corresponding changes in concentrations and health outcomes using a chemical transport model, the Particulate Matter Comprehensive Air Quality Model with Extensions (PMCAMx), for 1990, 2001, and 2010. The use of the Particle Source Apportionment Algorithm (PSAT) allows us to link the concentration reductions to the sources of the corresponding primary and secondary PM. The reductions in SO<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2</sub></span> emissions (64 %, mainly from electric-generating units) during these 20 years have dominated the reductions in PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>, leading to a 45 % reduction in sulfate levels. The predicted sulfate reductions are in excellent agreement with the available measurements. Also, the reductions in elemental carbon (EC) emissions (mainly from transportation) have led to a 30 % reduction in EC concentrations. The most important source of organic aerosol (OA) through the years according to PMCAMx is biomass burning, followed by biogenic secondary organic aerosol (SOA). OA from on-road transport has been reduced by more than a factor of 3. On the other hand, changes in biomass burning OA and biogenic SOA have been modest. In 1990, about half of the US population was exposed to annual average PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> concentrations above 20 <span class="inline-formula">µ</span>g m<span class="inline-formula"><sup>−3</sup></span>, but by 2010 this fraction had dropped to practically zero. The predicted changes in concentrations are evaluated against the observed changes for 1990, 2001, and 2010 in order to understand whether the model represents reasonably well the corresponding processes caused by the changes in emissions.</p>
format article
author K. Skyllakou
P. G. Rivera
B. Dinkelacker
E. Karnezi
E. Karnezi
I. Kioutsioukis
C. Hernandez
P. J. Adams
S. N. Pandis
S. N. Pandis
author_facet K. Skyllakou
P. G. Rivera
B. Dinkelacker
E. Karnezi
E. Karnezi
I. Kioutsioukis
C. Hernandez
P. J. Adams
S. N. Pandis
S. N. Pandis
author_sort K. Skyllakou
title Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title_short Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title_full Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title_fullStr Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title_full_unstemmed Changes in PM<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the US from 1990 to 2010
title_sort changes in pm<sub>2.5</sub> concentrations and their sources in the us from 1990 to 2010
publisher Copernicus Publications
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/9dc94ed98653416593c505a7233c7eb6
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