Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry

<p>Characterizing the molecular composition of cloud water could provide unique insights into aqueous chemistry. Field measurements were conducted at Mt. Tianjing in southern China in May, 2018. There are thousands of formulas (<span class="inline-formula">C<sub>5–30</...

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Autores principales: W. Sun, Y. Fu, G. Zhang, Y. Yang, F. Jiang, X. Lian, B. Jiang, Y. Liao, X. Bi, D. Chen, J. Chen, X. Wang, J. Ou, P. Peng, G. Sheng
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Lenguaje:EN
Publicado: Copernicus Publications 2021
Materias:
Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
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spelling oai:doaj.org-article:9def82b7771041648d59572e750db01e2021-11-15T10:46:16ZMeasurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry10.5194/acp-21-16631-20211680-73161680-7324https://doaj.org/article/9def82b7771041648d59572e750db01e2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://acp.copernicus.org/articles/21/16631/2021/acp-21-16631-2021.pdfhttps://doaj.org/toc/1680-7316https://doaj.org/toc/1680-7324<p>Characterizing the molecular composition of cloud water could provide unique insights into aqueous chemistry. Field measurements were conducted at Mt. Tianjing in southern China in May, 2018. There are thousands of formulas (<span class="inline-formula">C<sub>5–30</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">H<sub>4–55</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">O<sub>1–15</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">N<sub>0–2</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">S<sub>0–2</sub></span>) identified in cloud water by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). CHON formulas (formulas containing C, H, O, and N elements; the same is true for CHO and CHOS) represent the dominant component (43.6 %–65.3 % of relative abundance), followed by CHO (13.8 %–52.1%). S-containing formulas constitute <span class="inline-formula">∼</span>5 %–20 % of all assigned formulas. Cloud water has a relative-abundance-weighted average <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="345c0ee70735d460aa49cc2872664e72"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-16631-2021-ie00001.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="acp-21-16631-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> of 0.45–0.56, and the double bond equivalent of 5.10–5.70. Most of the formulas (<span class="inline-formula"><i>&gt;</i>85</span> %) are assigned as aliphatic and olefinic species. No statistical difference in the oxidation state is observed between cloud water and interstitial <span class="inline-formula">PM<sub>2.5</sub></span>. CHON with aromatic structures are abundant in cloud water, suggesting their enhanced in-cloud formation. Other organics in cloud water are mainly from biomass burning and oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds. The cloud water contains more abundant CHON and CHOS at night, which are primarily contributed by <span class="inline-formula">−N<sub>2</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">O<sub>5</sub></span> function and organosulfates, demonstrating the enhanced formation in dark aqueous or multi-phase reactions. While more abundant CHO is observed during the daytime, likely due to the photochemical oxidation and photolysis of N- or S-containing formulas. The results provide an improved understanding of the in-cloud aqueous-phase reactions.</p>W. SunW. SunW. SunY. FuY. FuY. FuG. ZhangG. ZhangG. ZhangY. YangY. YangY. YangF. JiangF. JiangF. JiangF. JiangX. LianX. LianX. LianX. LianB. JiangB. JiangY. LiaoY. LiaoX. BiX. BiX. BiD. ChenJ. ChenX. WangX. WangX. WangJ. OuP. PengP. PengP. PengG. ShengCopernicus PublicationsarticlePhysicsQC1-999ChemistryQD1-999ENAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol 21, Pp 16631-16644 (2021)
institution DOAJ
collection DOAJ
language EN
topic Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
spellingShingle Physics
QC1-999
Chemistry
QD1-999
W. Sun
W. Sun
W. Sun
Y. Fu
Y. Fu
Y. Fu
G. Zhang
G. Zhang
G. Zhang
Y. Yang
Y. Yang
Y. Yang
F. Jiang
F. Jiang
F. Jiang
F. Jiang
X. Lian
X. Lian
X. Lian
X. Lian
B. Jiang
B. Jiang
Y. Liao
Y. Liao
X. Bi
X. Bi
X. Bi
D. Chen
J. Chen
X. Wang
X. Wang
X. Wang
J. Ou
P. Peng
P. Peng
P. Peng
G. Sheng
Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
description <p>Characterizing the molecular composition of cloud water could provide unique insights into aqueous chemistry. Field measurements were conducted at Mt. Tianjing in southern China in May, 2018. There are thousands of formulas (<span class="inline-formula">C<sub>5–30</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">H<sub>4–55</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">O<sub>1–15</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">N<sub>0–2</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">S<sub>0–2</sub></span>) identified in cloud water by Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS). CHON formulas (formulas containing C, H, O, and N elements; the same is true for CHO and CHOS) represent the dominant component (43.6 %–65.3 % of relative abundance), followed by CHO (13.8 %–52.1%). S-containing formulas constitute <span class="inline-formula">∼</span>5 %–20 % of all assigned formulas. Cloud water has a relative-abundance-weighted average <span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M7" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow class="chem"><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi><mo>/</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">C</mi></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="345c0ee70735d460aa49cc2872664e72"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-21-16631-2021-ie00001.svg" width="25pt" height="14pt" src="acp-21-16631-2021-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span> of 0.45–0.56, and the double bond equivalent of 5.10–5.70. Most of the formulas (<span class="inline-formula"><i>&gt;</i>85</span> %) are assigned as aliphatic and olefinic species. No statistical difference in the oxidation state is observed between cloud water and interstitial <span class="inline-formula">PM<sub>2.5</sub></span>. CHON with aromatic structures are abundant in cloud water, suggesting their enhanced in-cloud formation. Other organics in cloud water are mainly from biomass burning and oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds. The cloud water contains more abundant CHON and CHOS at night, which are primarily contributed by <span class="inline-formula">−N<sub>2</sub></span><span class="inline-formula">O<sub>5</sub></span> function and organosulfates, demonstrating the enhanced formation in dark aqueous or multi-phase reactions. While more abundant CHO is observed during the daytime, likely due to the photochemical oxidation and photolysis of N- or S-containing formulas. The results provide an improved understanding of the in-cloud aqueous-phase reactions.</p>
format article
author W. Sun
W. Sun
W. Sun
Y. Fu
Y. Fu
Y. Fu
G. Zhang
G. Zhang
G. Zhang
Y. Yang
Y. Yang
Y. Yang
F. Jiang
F. Jiang
F. Jiang
F. Jiang
X. Lian
X. Lian
X. Lian
X. Lian
B. Jiang
B. Jiang
Y. Liao
Y. Liao
X. Bi
X. Bi
X. Bi
D. Chen
J. Chen
X. Wang
X. Wang
X. Wang
J. Ou
P. Peng
P. Peng
P. Peng
G. Sheng
author_facet W. Sun
W. Sun
W. Sun
Y. Fu
Y. Fu
Y. Fu
G. Zhang
G. Zhang
G. Zhang
Y. Yang
Y. Yang
Y. Yang
F. Jiang
F. Jiang
F. Jiang
F. Jiang
X. Lian
X. Lian
X. Lian
X. Lian
B. Jiang
B. Jiang
Y. Liao
Y. Liao
X. Bi
X. Bi
X. Bi
D. Chen
J. Chen
X. Wang
X. Wang
X. Wang
J. Ou
P. Peng
P. Peng
P. Peng
G. Sheng
author_sort W. Sun
title Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
title_short Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
title_full Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
title_fullStr Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
title_full_unstemmed Measurement report: Molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern China and insights into aqueous-phase processes from Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
title_sort measurement report: molecular characteristics of cloud water in southern china and insights into aqueous-phase processes from fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry
publisher Copernicus Publications
publishDate 2021
url https://doaj.org/article/9def82b7771041648d59572e750db01e
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