Volatiles Induced from <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern

Plants have evolved various self-defense mechanisms against insect feeding. There are many reports regarding both direct and indirect defense mechanisms in seed-plant. However, only direct defenses on ferns were considered and the indirect defense mechanism has never been reported. In this study, it...

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Autores principales:	Kerui Huang, Hui Shang, Qiong Zhou, Yun Wang, Hui Shen, Yuehong Yan
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	electroantennography GC-MS <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> indirect defense olfactory response <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9e2c61461f20448eba42949f4939880e
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9e2c61461f20448eba42949f4939880e2021-11-25T17:59:14ZVolatiles Induced from <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern10.3390/insects121109782075-4450https://doaj.org/article/9e2c61461f20448eba42949f4939880e2021-10-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/12/11/978https://doaj.org/toc/2075-4450Plants have evolved various self-defense mechanisms against insect feeding. There are many reports regarding both direct and indirect defense mechanisms in seed-plant. However, only direct defenses on ferns were considered and the indirect defense mechanism has never been reported. In this study, it was observed that the fern <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> can attract the assassin bug <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> in the field. We collected and analyzed volatiles from <i>H. punctata</i> healthy individuals and the ones wounded by <i>Bertula hadenalis</i>, using dynamic headspace and GC-MS. We recorded the electroantennogram responses of antennae of <i>S. erinacea</i> to different standards of volatile compounds identified from the GC-MS analysis. We also analyzed the behavior of male and female <i>S. erinacea</i> adults in response to volatiles collected from <i>H. punctata</i> using a Y-tube olfactometer. The results showed that a number of volatile compounds were produced when the fern was damaged by <i>B. hadenalis</i>. Electroantennography and Y-tube olfactometer results showed that some herbivore-induced volatiles and volatiles from undamaged leaves could attract <i>S. erinacea</i>. Our research suggests that <i>H. punctata</i> can attract insect predators by releasing herbivory-induced volatile organic compounds, and for the first time we found ferns may also have indirect defense mechanisms using volatile organic compounds.Kerui HuangHui ShangQiong ZhouYun WangHui ShenYuehong YanMDPI AGarticleelectroantennographyGC-MS<i>Hypolepis punctata</i>indirect defenseolfactory response<i>Sclomina erinacea</i>ScienceQENInsects, Vol 12, Iss 978, p 978 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	electroantennography GC-MS <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> indirect defense olfactory response <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> Science Q
spellingShingle	electroantennography GC-MS <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> indirect defense olfactory response <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> Science Q Kerui Huang Hui Shang Qiong Zhou Yun Wang Hui Shen Yuehong Yan Volatiles Induced from <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern
description	Plants have evolved various self-defense mechanisms against insect feeding. There are many reports regarding both direct and indirect defense mechanisms in seed-plant. However, only direct defenses on ferns were considered and the indirect defense mechanism has never been reported. In this study, it was observed that the fern <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> can attract the assassin bug <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> in the field. We collected and analyzed volatiles from <i>H. punctata</i> healthy individuals and the ones wounded by <i>Bertula hadenalis</i>, using dynamic headspace and GC-MS. We recorded the electroantennogram responses of antennae of <i>S. erinacea</i> to different standards of volatile compounds identified from the GC-MS analysis. We also analyzed the behavior of male and female <i>S. erinacea</i> adults in response to volatiles collected from <i>H. punctata</i> using a Y-tube olfactometer. The results showed that a number of volatile compounds were produced when the fern was damaged by <i>B. hadenalis</i>. Electroantennography and Y-tube olfactometer results showed that some herbivore-induced volatiles and volatiles from undamaged leaves could attract <i>S. erinacea</i>. Our research suggests that <i>H. punctata</i> can attract insect predators by releasing herbivory-induced volatile organic compounds, and for the first time we found ferns may also have indirect defense mechanisms using volatile organic compounds.
format	article
author	Kerui Huang Hui Shang Qiong Zhou Yun Wang Hui Shen Yuehong Yan
author_facet	Kerui Huang Hui Shang Qiong Zhou Yun Wang Hui Shen Yuehong Yan
author_sort	Kerui Huang
title	Volatiles Induced from <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern
title_short	Volatiles Induced from <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern
title_full	Volatiles Induced from <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern
title_fullStr	Volatiles Induced from <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern
title_full_unstemmed	Volatiles Induced from <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern
title_sort	volatiles induced from <i>hypolepis punctata</i> (dennstaedtiaceae) by herbivores attract <i>sclomina erinacea</i> (hemiptera: reduviidae): clear evidence of indirect defense in fern
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9e2c61461f20448eba42949f4939880e
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Volatiles Induced from <i>Hypolepis punctata</i> (Dennstaedtiaceae) by Herbivores Attract <i>Sclomina erinacea</i> (Hemiptera: Reduviidae): Clear Evidence of Indirect Defense in Fern

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