Ideal-Gas Approach to Hydrodynamics

Transport is one of the most important physical processes in all energy and length scales. Ideal gases and hydrodynamics are, respectively, two opposite limits of transport. Here, we present an unexpected mathematical connection between these two limits; that is, there exist situations that the solu...

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Autores principales:	Zhe-Yu Shi, Chao Gao, Hui Zhai
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	American Physical Society 2021
Materias:	Physics QC1-999
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9e2c72e8dffa4c55ac29366aec35538b
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9e2c72e8dffa4c55ac29366aec35538b2021-11-12T15:49:31ZIdeal-Gas Approach to Hydrodynamics10.1103/PhysRevX.11.0410312160-3308https://doaj.org/article/9e2c72e8dffa4c55ac29366aec35538b2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttp://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.041031http://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevX.11.041031https://doaj.org/toc/2160-3308Transport is one of the most important physical processes in all energy and length scales. Ideal gases and hydrodynamics are, respectively, two opposite limits of transport. Here, we present an unexpected mathematical connection between these two limits; that is, there exist situations that the solution to a class of interacting hydrodynamic equations with certain initial conditions can be exactly constructed from the dynamics of noninteracting ideal gases. We analytically provide three such examples. The first two examples focus on scale-invariant systems, which generalize fermionization to the hydrodynamics of strongly interacting systems, and determine specific initial conditions for perfect density oscillations in a harmonic trap. The third example recovers the dark soliton solution in a one-dimensional Bose condensate. The results can explain a recent puzzling experimental observation in ultracold atomic gases by the Paris group and make further predictions for future experiments. We envision that extensive examples of such an ideal-gas approach to hydrodynamics can be found by systematical numerical search, which can find broad applications in different problems in various subfields of physics.Zhe-Yu ShiChao GaoHui ZhaiAmerican Physical SocietyarticlePhysicsQC1-999ENPhysical Review X, Vol 11, Iss 4, p 041031 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Physics QC1-999
spellingShingle	Physics QC1-999 Zhe-Yu Shi Chao Gao Hui Zhai Ideal-Gas Approach to Hydrodynamics
description	Transport is one of the most important physical processes in all energy and length scales. Ideal gases and hydrodynamics are, respectively, two opposite limits of transport. Here, we present an unexpected mathematical connection between these two limits; that is, there exist situations that the solution to a class of interacting hydrodynamic equations with certain initial conditions can be exactly constructed from the dynamics of noninteracting ideal gases. We analytically provide three such examples. The first two examples focus on scale-invariant systems, which generalize fermionization to the hydrodynamics of strongly interacting systems, and determine specific initial conditions for perfect density oscillations in a harmonic trap. The third example recovers the dark soliton solution in a one-dimensional Bose condensate. The results can explain a recent puzzling experimental observation in ultracold atomic gases by the Paris group and make further predictions for future experiments. We envision that extensive examples of such an ideal-gas approach to hydrodynamics can be found by systematical numerical search, which can find broad applications in different problems in various subfields of physics.
format	article
author	Zhe-Yu Shi Chao Gao Hui Zhai
author_facet	Zhe-Yu Shi Chao Gao Hui Zhai
author_sort	Zhe-Yu Shi
title	Ideal-Gas Approach to Hydrodynamics
title_short	Ideal-Gas Approach to Hydrodynamics
title_full	Ideal-Gas Approach to Hydrodynamics
title_fullStr	Ideal-Gas Approach to Hydrodynamics
title_full_unstemmed	Ideal-Gas Approach to Hydrodynamics
title_sort	ideal-gas approach to hydrodynamics
publisher	American Physical Society
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9e2c72e8dffa4c55ac29366aec35538b
work_keys_str_mv	AT zheyushi idealgasapproachtohydrodynamics AT chaogao idealgasapproachtohydrodynamics AT huizhai idealgasapproachtohydrodynamics
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Ideal-Gas Approach to Hydrodynamics

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