Low-Dimensional Dynamics of Brain Activity Associated with Manual Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects

Acupuncture is one of the oldest traditional medical treatments in Asian countries. However, the scientific explanation regarding the therapeutic effect of acupuncture is still unknown. The much-discussed hypothesis it that acupuncture’s effects are mediated via autonomic neural networks; neverthele...

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Autores principales:	Xinmeng Guo, Jiang Wang
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	MDPI AG 2021
Materias:	acupuncture EEG dimensionality neural subspace latent variables attractor Chemical technology TP1-1185
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9e43ec8f078544788731252308c551aa
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9e43ec8f078544788731252308c551aa2021-11-25T18:56:23ZLow-Dimensional Dynamics of Brain Activity Associated with Manual Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects10.3390/s212274321424-8220https://doaj.org/article/9e43ec8f078544788731252308c551aa2021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/22/7432https://doaj.org/toc/1424-8220Acupuncture is one of the oldest traditional medical treatments in Asian countries. However, the scientific explanation regarding the therapeutic effect of acupuncture is still unknown. The much-discussed hypothesis it that acupuncture’s effects are mediated via autonomic neural networks; nevertheless, dynamic brain activity involved in the acupuncture response has still not been elicited. In this work, we hypothesized that there exists a lower-dimensional subspace of dynamic brain activity across subjects, underpinning the brain’s response to manual acupuncture stimulation. To this end, we employed a variational auto-encoder to probe the latent variables from multichannel EEG signals associated with acupuncture stimulation at the ST36 acupoint. The experimental results demonstrate that manual acupuncture stimuli can reduce the dimensionality of brain activity, which results from the enhancement of oscillatory activity in the delta and alpha frequency bands induced by acupuncture. Moreover, it was found that large-scale brain activity could be constrained within a low-dimensional neural subspace, which is spanned by the “acupuncture mode”. In each neural subspace, the steady dynamics of the brain in response to acupuncture stimuli converge to topologically similar elliptic-shaped attractors across different subjects. The attractor morphology is closely related to the frequency of the acupuncture stimulation. These results shed light on probing the large-scale brain response to manual acupuncture stimuli.Xinmeng GuoJiang WangMDPI AGarticleacupunctureEEGdimensionalityneural subspacelatent variablesattractorChemical technologyTP1-1185ENSensors, Vol 21, Iss 7432, p 7432 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	acupuncture EEG dimensionality neural subspace latent variables attractor Chemical technology TP1-1185
spellingShingle	acupuncture EEG dimensionality neural subspace latent variables attractor Chemical technology TP1-1185 Xinmeng Guo Jiang Wang Low-Dimensional Dynamics of Brain Activity Associated with Manual Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects
description	Acupuncture is one of the oldest traditional medical treatments in Asian countries. However, the scientific explanation regarding the therapeutic effect of acupuncture is still unknown. The much-discussed hypothesis it that acupuncture’s effects are mediated via autonomic neural networks; nevertheless, dynamic brain activity involved in the acupuncture response has still not been elicited. In this work, we hypothesized that there exists a lower-dimensional subspace of dynamic brain activity across subjects, underpinning the brain’s response to manual acupuncture stimulation. To this end, we employed a variational auto-encoder to probe the latent variables from multichannel EEG signals associated with acupuncture stimulation at the ST36 acupoint. The experimental results demonstrate that manual acupuncture stimuli can reduce the dimensionality of brain activity, which results from the enhancement of oscillatory activity in the delta and alpha frequency bands induced by acupuncture. Moreover, it was found that large-scale brain activity could be constrained within a low-dimensional neural subspace, which is spanned by the “acupuncture mode”. In each neural subspace, the steady dynamics of the brain in response to acupuncture stimuli converge to topologically similar elliptic-shaped attractors across different subjects. The attractor morphology is closely related to the frequency of the acupuncture stimulation. These results shed light on probing the large-scale brain response to manual acupuncture stimuli.
format	article
author	Xinmeng Guo Jiang Wang
author_facet	Xinmeng Guo Jiang Wang
author_sort	Xinmeng Guo
title	Low-Dimensional Dynamics of Brain Activity Associated with Manual Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects
title_short	Low-Dimensional Dynamics of Brain Activity Associated with Manual Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects
title_full	Low-Dimensional Dynamics of Brain Activity Associated with Manual Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects
title_fullStr	Low-Dimensional Dynamics of Brain Activity Associated with Manual Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects
title_full_unstemmed	Low-Dimensional Dynamics of Brain Activity Associated with Manual Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects
title_sort	low-dimensional dynamics of brain activity associated with manual acupuncture in healthy subjects
publisher	MDPI AG
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9e43ec8f078544788731252308c551aa
work_keys_str_mv	AT xinmengguo lowdimensionaldynamicsofbrainactivityassociatedwithmanualacupunctureinhealthysubjects AT jiangwang lowdimensionaldynamicsofbrainactivityassociatedwithmanualacupunctureinhealthysubjects
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Low-Dimensional Dynamics of Brain Activity Associated with Manual Acupuncture in Healthy Subjects

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