Trapping of Microplastics in Halocline and Turbidity Layers of the Semi-enclosed Baltic Sea

Microplastic pollution in semi-enclosed seas is gaining attention since microplastics are more likely to accumulate there. However, research on the vertical distribution of microplastics and impact factors is still limited. In this study, we focus on the Baltic Sea, which has distinguished salinity...

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Autores principales:	Qian Zhou, Chen Tu, Jie Yang, Chuancheng Fu, Yuan Li, Joanna J. Waniek
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2021
Materias:	Baltic Sea halocline microplastics turbidity vertical distribution Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9e5f291d36554bf4ab4ec6b5a9f638b9
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id	oai:doaj.org-article:9e5f291d36554bf4ab4ec6b5a9f638b9
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9e5f291d36554bf4ab4ec6b5a9f638b92021-11-04T07:21:42ZTrapping of Microplastics in Halocline and Turbidity Layers of the Semi-enclosed Baltic Sea2296-774510.3389/fmars.2021.761566https://doaj.org/article/9e5f291d36554bf4ab4ec6b5a9f638b92021-11-01T00:00:00Zhttps://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2021.761566/fullhttps://doaj.org/toc/2296-7745Microplastic pollution in semi-enclosed seas is gaining attention since microplastics are more likely to accumulate there. However, research on the vertical distribution of microplastics and impact factors is still limited. In this study, we focus on the Baltic Sea, which has distinguished salinity stratification, and we assume that the resulting strong density stratification (halocline) can influence the vertical distribution of microplastics in the water column. Therefore, we analyzed the vertical abundance distribution, the composition, and the sizes of microplastics (27.3–5,000.0 μm) in the Baltic Sea. The results showed that microplastics comprising fibers, fragments, and films occurred throughout the water column at an abundance of 1.1–27.7 items L−1. The abundance of microplastics (3.2–27.7 items L−1) at haloclines was significantly higher than those at other water depths except the near surfaces (p < 0.05), contributing 24.1–53.2% of the microplastics in the whole water column. Small microplastics (<100 μm) were more likely to accumulate in the water layers above halocline. Moreover, the current with high turbidity might be another carrier of microplastics in the near-bottom water layer due to its strong correlation with microplastics abundance. This study provides valuable evidence for the accumulation trend of microplastics in water columns and its influencing factors in the semi-enclosed marginal sea. Further research on the vertical distribution of microplastics under the control of multiple factors should be conducted in the future.Qian ZhouQian ZhouQian ZhouChen TuJie YangChuancheng FuYuan LiJoanna J. WaniekFrontiers Media S.A.articleBaltic Seahaloclinemicroplasticsturbidityvertical distributionScienceQGeneral. Including nature conservation, geographical distributionQH1-199.5ENFrontiers in Marine Science, Vol 8 (2021)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Baltic Sea halocline microplastics turbidity vertical distribution Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5
spellingShingle	Baltic Sea halocline microplastics turbidity vertical distribution Science Q General. Including nature conservation, geographical distribution QH1-199.5 Qian Zhou Qian Zhou Qian Zhou Chen Tu Jie Yang Chuancheng Fu Yuan Li Joanna J. Waniek Trapping of Microplastics in Halocline and Turbidity Layers of the Semi-enclosed Baltic Sea
description	Microplastic pollution in semi-enclosed seas is gaining attention since microplastics are more likely to accumulate there. However, research on the vertical distribution of microplastics and impact factors is still limited. In this study, we focus on the Baltic Sea, which has distinguished salinity stratification, and we assume that the resulting strong density stratification (halocline) can influence the vertical distribution of microplastics in the water column. Therefore, we analyzed the vertical abundance distribution, the composition, and the sizes of microplastics (27.3–5,000.0 μm) in the Baltic Sea. The results showed that microplastics comprising fibers, fragments, and films occurred throughout the water column at an abundance of 1.1–27.7 items L−1. The abundance of microplastics (3.2–27.7 items L−1) at haloclines was significantly higher than those at other water depths except the near surfaces (p < 0.05), contributing 24.1–53.2% of the microplastics in the whole water column. Small microplastics (<100 μm) were more likely to accumulate in the water layers above halocline. Moreover, the current with high turbidity might be another carrier of microplastics in the near-bottom water layer due to its strong correlation with microplastics abundance. This study provides valuable evidence for the accumulation trend of microplastics in water columns and its influencing factors in the semi-enclosed marginal sea. Further research on the vertical distribution of microplastics under the control of multiple factors should be conducted in the future.
format	article
author	Qian Zhou Qian Zhou Qian Zhou Chen Tu Jie Yang Chuancheng Fu Yuan Li Joanna J. Waniek
author_facet	Qian Zhou Qian Zhou Qian Zhou Chen Tu Jie Yang Chuancheng Fu Yuan Li Joanna J. Waniek
author_sort	Qian Zhou
title	Trapping of Microplastics in Halocline and Turbidity Layers of the Semi-enclosed Baltic Sea
title_short	Trapping of Microplastics in Halocline and Turbidity Layers of the Semi-enclosed Baltic Sea
title_full	Trapping of Microplastics in Halocline and Turbidity Layers of the Semi-enclosed Baltic Sea
title_fullStr	Trapping of Microplastics in Halocline and Turbidity Layers of the Semi-enclosed Baltic Sea
title_full_unstemmed	Trapping of Microplastics in Halocline and Turbidity Layers of the Semi-enclosed Baltic Sea
title_sort	trapping of microplastics in halocline and turbidity layers of the semi-enclosed baltic sea
publisher	Frontiers Media S.A.
publishDate	2021
url	https://doaj.org/article/9e5f291d36554bf4ab4ec6b5a9f638b9
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Trapping of Microplastics in Halocline and Turbidity Layers of the Semi-enclosed Baltic Sea

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