Enhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization

Abstract Among the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites MAPbX3 (MA: methyl-ammonium CH3–NH3 +, X = halogen), the triiodide specimen (MAPbI3) is still the material of choice for solar energy applications. Although it is able to absorb light above its 1.6 eV bandgap, its poor stability in humid air at...

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Autores principales:	Carlos A. López, Carmen Abia, Joao E. Rodrigues, Federico Serrano-Sánchez, Norbert M. Nemes, José L. Martínez, María T. Fernandez-Díaz, Neven Biškup, Consuelo Alvarez-Galván, Felix Carrascoso, Andres Castellanos-Gomez, José A. Alonso
Formato:	article
Lenguaje:	EN
Publicado:	Nature Portfolio 2020
Materias:	Medicine R Science Q
Acceso en línea:	https://doaj.org/article/9e65a95e486245aaa2fdb5dc4e0385eb
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spelling	oai:doaj.org-article:9e65a95e486245aaa2fdb5dc4e0385eb2021-12-02T15:39:39ZEnhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization10.1038/s41598-020-68085-02045-2322https://doaj.org/article/9e65a95e486245aaa2fdb5dc4e0385eb2020-07-01T00:00:00Zhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-68085-0https://doaj.org/toc/2045-2322Abstract Among the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites MAPbX3 (MA: methyl-ammonium CH3–NH3 +, X = halogen), the triiodide specimen (MAPbI3) is still the material of choice for solar energy applications. Although it is able to absorb light above its 1.6 eV bandgap, its poor stability in humid air atmosphere has been a major drawback for its use in solar cells. However, we discovered that this perovskite can be prepared by ball milling in a straightforward way, yielding specimens with a superior stability. This fact allowed us to take atomic-resolution STEM images for the first time, with sufficient quality to unveil microscopic aspects of this material. We demonstrated full Iodine content, which might be related to the enhanced stability, in a more compact PbI6 framework with reduced unit-cell volume. A structural investigation from neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data of an undeuterated specimen was essential to determine the configuration of the organic MA unit in the 100–298 K temperature range. A phase transition is identified, from the tetragonal structure observed at RT (space group I4/mcm) to an orthorhombic (space group Pnma) phase where the methyl-ammonium organic units are fully localized. Our NPD data reveal that the MA changes are gradual and start before reaching the phase transition. Optoelectronic measurements yield a photocurrent peak at an illumination wavelength of 820 nm, which is redshifted by 30 nm with respect to previously reported measurements on MAPbI3 perovskites synthesized by crystallization from organic solvents.Carlos A. LópezCarmen AbiaJoao E. RodriguesFederico Serrano-SánchezNorbert M. NemesJosé L. MartínezMaría T. Fernandez-DíazNeven BiškupConsuelo Alvarez-GalvánFelix CarrascosoAndres Castellanos-GomezJosé A. AlonsoNature PortfolioarticleMedicineRScienceQENScientific Reports, Vol 10, Iss 1, Pp 1-11 (2020)
institution	DOAJ
collection	DOAJ
language	EN
topic	Medicine R Science Q
spellingShingle	Medicine R Science Q Carlos A. López Carmen Abia Joao E. Rodrigues Federico Serrano-Sánchez Norbert M. Nemes José L. Martínez María T. Fernandez-Díaz Neven Biškup Consuelo Alvarez-Galván Felix Carrascoso Andres Castellanos-Gomez José A. Alonso Enhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization
description	Abstract Among the hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites MAPbX3 (MA: methyl-ammonium CH3–NH3 +, X = halogen), the triiodide specimen (MAPbI3) is still the material of choice for solar energy applications. Although it is able to absorb light above its 1.6 eV bandgap, its poor stability in humid air atmosphere has been a major drawback for its use in solar cells. However, we discovered that this perovskite can be prepared by ball milling in a straightforward way, yielding specimens with a superior stability. This fact allowed us to take atomic-resolution STEM images for the first time, with sufficient quality to unveil microscopic aspects of this material. We demonstrated full Iodine content, which might be related to the enhanced stability, in a more compact PbI6 framework with reduced unit-cell volume. A structural investigation from neutron powder diffraction (NPD) data of an undeuterated specimen was essential to determine the configuration of the organic MA unit in the 100–298 K temperature range. A phase transition is identified, from the tetragonal structure observed at RT (space group I4/mcm) to an orthorhombic (space group Pnma) phase where the methyl-ammonium organic units are fully localized. Our NPD data reveal that the MA changes are gradual and start before reaching the phase transition. Optoelectronic measurements yield a photocurrent peak at an illumination wavelength of 820 nm, which is redshifted by 30 nm with respect to previously reported measurements on MAPbI3 perovskites synthesized by crystallization from organic solvents.
format	article
author	Carlos A. López Carmen Abia Joao E. Rodrigues Federico Serrano-Sánchez Norbert M. Nemes José L. Martínez María T. Fernandez-Díaz Neven Biškup Consuelo Alvarez-Galván Felix Carrascoso Andres Castellanos-Gomez José A. Alonso
author_facet	Carlos A. López Carmen Abia Joao E. Rodrigues Federico Serrano-Sánchez Norbert M. Nemes José L. Martínez María T. Fernandez-Díaz Neven Biškup Consuelo Alvarez-Galván Felix Carrascoso Andres Castellanos-Gomez José A. Alonso
author_sort	Carlos A. López
title	Enhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization
title_short	Enhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization
title_full	Enhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization
title_fullStr	Enhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization
title_full_unstemmed	Enhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization
title_sort	enhanced stability in ch3nh3pbi3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization
publisher	Nature Portfolio
publishDate	2020
url	https://doaj.org/article/9e65a95e486245aaa2fdb5dc4e0385eb
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Enhanced stability in CH3NH3PbI3 hybrid perovskite from mechano-chemical synthesis: structural, microstructural and optoelectronic characterization

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